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The transition region above sunspots
Tian, Hui; Zhang, Jingwen; Samanta, Tanmoy
Over decades, sunspots and their fine structures have been studied in detail at the photospheric level with different ground-based telescopes, as the surface of the Sun primarily emits light in the visible wavelengths. For a very long period, the upper atmosphere above the sunspot regions, especially the transition region (TR) above sunspots where…
History and development of coronal mass ejections as a key player in solar terrestrial relationship
Gopalswamy, N.
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are relatively a recently discovered phenomenon—in 1971, some 15 years into the Space Era. It took another two decades to realize that CMEs are the most important players in solar terrestrial relationship as the root cause of severe weather in Earth's space environment. CMEs are now counted among the major natural haz…
A new view on the solar wind interaction with the Moon
Barabash, Stas; Holmström, Mats; Futaana, Yoshifumi +9 more
Characterised by a surface bound exosphere and localised crustal magnetic fields, the Moon was considered as a passive object when solar wind interacts with it. However, the neutral particle and plasma measurements around the Moon by recent dedicated lunar missions, such as Chandrayaan-1, Kaguya, Chang'E-1, LRO, and ARTEMIS, as well as IBEX have r…
Active moon: evidences from Chandrayaan-1 and the proposed Indian missions
Srivastava, Neeraj; Bhandari, Narendra
Chandrayaan-1, the polar Lunar orbiter mission of Indian Space Research Organization, successfully carried out study of Moon's environment and surface processes for a period of about nine months during 2008–2009. The results obtained by the mission established (i) A tenuous but active hydrosphere (ii) Volcanically active and geologically dynamic M…