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KET Ulysses Observations of SEP in and out of the Ecliptic
Heber, Bernd; Struminsky, Alexei
Observations of eight solar energetic particle (SEP) events in the polar heliospheric regions and six events near the Jupiter orbit and their implications for the current paradigm of particle acceleration and propagation in the heliosphere are discussed. These events are easily identified with well-known episodes of the solar activity in 1992, 199…
Solar Energetic Particle Composition
Klecker, Berndt
Over the last ∼10 years, advanced instrumentation onboard several spacecraft (e.g., WIND, SAMPEX, SOHO, and ACE), extended our ability to explore energy spectra, elemental, isotopic, and ionic charge composition of solar energetic particle (SEP) events in a wide energy range from ∼10 keV/nuc to ∼100 MeV/nuc. Due to the much improved sensitivity of…
Geoeffective Coronal Mass Ejections and Energetic Particles
Valtonen, Eino
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) can be geoeffective and they are believed to cause major non-recurrent geomagnetic storms. Energetic particles are closely related to the shocks driven by coronal mass ejections in the interplanetary medium. In this paper, the geoeffectiveness of CMEs is reviewed and the means how energetic particle observations can b…
Multipoint Observations of Ionic Structures in the Plasmasphere by CLUSTER-CIS and Comparisons With IMAGE-EUV Observations and With Model Simulations
Parks, George K.; Dandouras, Iannis; Vallat, Claire +12 more
The 4 Cluster spacecraft orbit the Earth in a highly eccentric polar orbit at 4 RE perigee, and this permits them to sample the ring current, the radiation belts and the outer plasmasphere. Data provided by the Cluster Ion Spectrometry (CIS) instruments are used to analyze Cluster crossings of the plasmasphere. CIS is capable of obtaini…
Energetic ions in the high latitude boundary layer of the magnetosphere—Rapid/Cluster observation
Zong, Q. -G.; Daly, P.; Fritz, T. A. +1 more
The thrust of this paper concentrates on the energetic ion behaviour near the high latitude boundary layer of the magnetosphere during both IMF southward and northward conditions. On December 19, 2000, an energetic ion layer has been observed in the high latitude boundary region just outside the magnetosphere during IMF southward. However, on Janu…
Cluster magnetic field observations of magnetospheric boundaries
Balogh, A.; Horbury, T. S.; Lucek, E. A. +7 more
Early Cluster magnetic field observations of boundaries and boundary layers in the near-Earth environment are reviewed. By combining data from four spacecraft, typically separated by ∼600 km, the scale, orientation and motion of structures can be deduced. Early results from the magnetic field investigation are reviewed, such as estimates of the or…
Radio Emissions from the Planets and their Moons
Zarka, P.
We review the present observational knowledge of planetary non-thermal radio emissions (spectrum, emitted power, source location, beaming, modulations and frequency-time structures), emphasizing high-latitude, auroral and satellite- induced components at the outer planets. Important results have been obtained in the past few years from the observa…
The correspondence of EUV and white light observations of coronal mass ejections with SOHO EIT and LASCO
St. Cyr, O. C.; Plunkett, S. P.; Michels, D. J. +6 more
For over two years of operation, the LASCO coronagraph and the EIT imaging telescope have conducted observing campaigns intending to provide continuous coverage of global coronal dynamic phemonena. These compatible observations, which we call the "CME Watch," have been used to further our understanding of CME initiation and propagation, and to pro…
The Role of Reconnection in the Formation of Flux Ropes in the Solar Wind
Gosling, J. T.
New magnetic loops formed in the corona beneath coronal mass ejections, CMEs, provide strong evidence that magnetic reconnection commonly occurs within the magnetic `legs' of the departing CMEs. Such reconnection is inherently 3-dimensional and produces a magnetic flux rope structure within a CME. Depending upon how far reconnection proceeds, the …
Measuring Plasma Parameters With Thermal Noise Spectroscopy
Moncuquet, Michel; Issautier, Karine; Meyer-Vernet, Nicole +4 more
This paper describes the basic principles, the unique features and the limitations of thermal noise spectroscopy as a tool for in situ diagnostics in space plasmas. This technique is based on the analysis of the electrostatic field spectrum produced by the quasi-thermal fluctuations of the electrons and ions, which can be measured with a sensitive…