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Optical depth and its scale-height in Valles Marineris from HRSC stereo images

Keller, H. U.; Grieger, B.; Hoekzema, N. M. +4 more

We measured the optical depth of the Martian atmosphere as a function of altitude above two opposing scree walls of the Valles Marineris, from stereo images that were taken with the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) of Mars Express on June 3, 2004, during orbit 471. The optical depths were measured from contrast differences between the stereo i…

Mars geology from three - dimensional mapping by the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) Experiment on Mars Express. An introduction to the special issue of Earth Planetary Science Letters

Greeley, Ronald; Neukum, Gerhard; Hiesinger, Harald +1 more

A refined chronology of catastrophic outflow events in Ares Vallis, Mars

Muller, Jan-Peter; Gupta, Sanjeev; Kim, Jung-Rack +2 more

We investigate the geomorphology and chronology of catastrophic flooding in a major martian outflow channel, Ares Vallis. We use recently acquired stereo and colour images and derived topographic data with grid-spacing of 50 m from the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) onboard Mars Express to constrain the detailed flood geomorphology of proxim…

An equatorial periglacial landscape on Mars

Balme, M. R.; Gallagher, C.

We present evidence, drawn from new 25 cm/pixel "HiRISE" images of Mars, of landforms indicative of geologically-recent thaw degradation of ice-rich terrain near the Martian equator. We have focused our study on the head-region of Athabasca Vallis, a catastrophic flood-carved outflow channel thought to have been active within the last 2-8 Ma. The …

The present-day atmosphere of Mars: Where does it come from?

Chassefière, Eric; Gillmann, Cédric; Lognonné, Philippe +1 more

Recent observations and missions to Mars have provided us with new insight into the past habitability of Mars and its history. At the same time they have raised many questions on the planet evolution. We show that even with the few data available we can propose a scenario for the evolution of the Martian atmosphere in the last three billion years.…

Solar and solar-wind isotopic compositions

Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F.; Wiens, Roger C.; Bochsler, Peter +1 more

With only a few exceptions, the solar photosphere is thought to have retained the mean isotopic composition of the original solar nebula, so that, with some corrections, the photosphere provides a baseline for comparison of all other planetary materials. There are two sources of information on the photospheric isotopic composition: optical observa…