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Observation of solar energetic particle (SEP) events associated with narrow CMEs
Valtonen, E.; Al-Sawad, A.; Allawi, H. +1 more
We report here on two proton energetic particle events observed by the Energetic and Relativistic Nuclei and Electron (ERNE) instrument on the Solar and Heliospherical Observatory (SOHO). Both events were impulsive (SEP) events with intensities of >10-3 cm-2 sr-1 s-1 MeV-1 at an energy rang…
Latitudinal and radial gradients of galactic cosmic ray protons in the inner heliosphere - PAMELA and Ulysses observations
Gieseler, J.; Heber, B.; Picozza, P. +5 more
Ulysses, launched on 6 October 1990, was placed in an elliptical, high inclined (80.2°) orbit around the Sun, and was switched off in June 2009. It has been the only spacecraft exploring high-latitude regions of the inner heliosphere. The Kiel Electron Telescope (KET) aboard Ulysses measures electrons from 3 MeV to a few GeV and protons and helium…
Solar particle event analysis using the standard radiation environment monitors: applying the neutron monitor's experience
Mavromichalaki, H.; Papaioannou, A.; Souvatzoglou, G. +3 more
The Standard Radiation Environment Monitor (SREM) is a particle detector developed by the European Space Agency for satellite applications with the main purpose to provide radiation hazard alarms to the host spacecraft. SREM units have been constructed within a radiation hardening concept and therefore are able to register extreme solar particle e…
Three dimensional model of the interplanetary magnetic field and 27-day variation of the galactic cosmic ray intensity
Wawrzynczak, A.; Modzelewska, R.; Alania, M. V.
We present a model of the 27-day variation of the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity for three dimensional (3-D) heliosphere with the heliolongitudinal and heliolatitudinal dependent radial solar wind speed for the period of 1995 - minimum epoch of solar activity (A>0). In the present model we implement heliolongitudinal asymmetry of solar win…
Acceleration of the anomalous component of cosmic rays revisited
Hilchenbach, M.; Kallenbach, R.; Bamert, K.
In the years 2004 and 2007, the instruments onboard the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft delivered unprecedented data on the structure of the solar wind termination shock. This shock has been assumed to be responsible for the acceleration of the anomalous component of cosmic rays from a pick-up ion seed population derived from the interstellar neutral g…
Observations of anomalous transport of energetic electrons in the heliosphere
Perri, S.; Zimbardo, G.
We study the propagation of energetic particles, accelerated by interplanetary shock waves, upstream of the shock, considering the possibility of having anomalous transport. The theoretical treatment of the anomalous transport is developed via the propagator formalism, considering that in the case of a superdiffusive transport the propagator has p…