Search Publications

Photometric anomalies of the lunar surface studied with SMART-1 AMIE data

Foing, B.; Kreslavsky, M.; Pinet, P. +6 more

We present new results from the mapping of lunar photometric function parameters using images acquired by the spacecraft SMART-1 (European Space Agency). The source data for selected lunar areas imaged by the AMIE camera of SMART-1 and the data processing are described. We interpret the behavior of photometric function in terms of lunar regolith p…

The C1XS X-ray Spectrometer on Chandrayaan-1

Grande, M.; Foing, B.; Huovelin, J. +27 more

The Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer (C1XS) is a compact X-ray spectrometer for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chandrayaan-1 lunar mission. It exploits heritage from the D-CIXS instrument on ESA's SMART-1 mission. As a result of detailed developments to all aspects of the design, its performance as measured in the laboratory greatly…

The scientific rationale for the C1XS X-ray spectrometer on India's Chandrayaan-1 mission to the moon

Grande, M.; Koschny, D.; Rothery, D. A. +23 more

The UK-built Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer (C1XS) will fly as an ESA instrument on India's Chandrayaan-1 mission to the Moon, launched in October 2008. C1XS builds on experience gained with the earlier D-CIXS instrument on SMART-1, but will be a scientifically much more capable instrument. Here we describe the scientific objectives of this inst…

Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer (C1XS)—Instrument design and technical details

Grande, M.; Huovelin, J.; Howe, C. J. +13 more

The UK-built Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer (C1XS) is flying as an ESA instrument on India's Chandrayaan-1 mission to the Moon. The Chandrayaan-1 mission launched on the 22nd October 2008 and entered a 100 km polar lunar orbit on the 12th November 2008. C1XS builds on experience gained with the earlier D-CIXS instrument on SMART-1, but will be a…

Ground calibration of the Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Solar Monitor (XSM)

Andersson, H.; Grande, M.; Alha, L. +9 more

The Chandrayaan-1 XSM ground calibrations are introduced. The aim of these calibrations was to characterize the performance of XSM, which enables a reliable spectral analysis with the solar X-ray data. The calibrations followed an improved procedure based on our experience from the SMART-1 XSM. The most important tasks in the calibrations were det…

The effect of protons on the performance of swept-charge devices

Smith, David R.; Gow, Jason

The e2v technologies CCD54, or swept-charge device (SCD) has been extensively radiation tested for use in the Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer (C1XS) instrument, to be launched as a part of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chandrayaan-1 payload in 2008. The principle use of the SCD is in X-ray fluorescence (XRF) applications, the devi…

Cross-Calibration of SMART-1 XSM with GOES and RHESSI

Väänänen, Mikko; Alha, Lauri; Huovelin, Juhani

A number of X-ray instruments have been active in observing the solar coronal X-ray radiation this decade. We have compared XSM observations with simultaneous GOES and RHESSI observations. We present flux calibrations for all instruments and compare XSM and GOES total emission measures (TEM) and temperatures (T).

C1XS data calibration: X-rays to elements

Howe, C. J.; Kellett, B. J.; Crawford, I. A. +3 more

First results from the C1XS X-ray spectrometer on board Chandrayaan-1

Grande, M.; Huovelin, J.; Howe, C. J. +8 more