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Gaia Early Data Release 3. Summary of the contents and survey properties
Prusti, T.; Mazeh, T.; Zucker, S. +423 more
Context. We present the early installment of the third Gaia data release, Gaia EDR3, consisting of astrometry and photometry for 1.8 billion sources brighter than magnitude 21, complemented with the list of radial velocities from Gaia DR2.
Aims: A summary of the contents of Gaia EDR3 is presented, accompanied by a discussion on the difference…
In the realm of the Hubble tension-a review of solutions
Riess, Adam G.; Di Valentino, Eleonora; Melchiorri, Alessandro +6 more
The simplest ΛCDM model provides a good fit to a large span of cosmological data but harbors large areas of phenomenology and ignorance. With the improvement of the number and the accuracy of observations, discrepancies among key cosmological parameters of the model have emerged. The most statistically significant tension is the 4σ to 6σ disagreem…
Estimating Distances from Parallaxes. V. Geometric and Photogeometric Distances to 1.47 Billion Stars in Gaia Early Data Release 3
Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Rybizki, J.; Fouesneau, M. +2 more
Stellar distances constitute a foundational pillar of astrophysics. The publication of 1.47 billion stellar parallaxes from Gaia is a major contribution to this. Despite Gaia's precision, the majority of these stars are so distant or faint that their fractional parallax uncertainties are large, thereby precluding a simple inversion of parallax to …
Gaia Early Data Release 3. The astrometric solution
Mora, A.; Esquej, P.; Jordan, S. +94 more
Context. Gaia Early Data Release 3 (Gaia EDR3) contains results for 1.812 billion sources in the magnitude range G = 3-21 based on observations collected by the European Space Agency Gaia satellite during the first 34 months of its operational phase.
Aims: We describe the input data, the models, and the processing used for the astrometric con…
Gaia Early Data Release 3. Parallax bias versus magnitude, colour, and position
Biermann, M.; Klioner, S. A.; Lindegren, L. +14 more
Context. Gaia Early Data Release 3 (Gaia EDR3) gives trigonometric parallaxes for nearly 1.5 billion sources. Inspection of the EDR3 data for sources identified as quasars reveals that their parallaxes are biased, that is, they are systematically offset from the expected distribution around zero, by a few tens of microarcseconds.
Aims: We att…
Cosmic Distances Calibrated to 1% Precision with Gaia EDR3 Parallaxes and Hubble Space Telescope Photometry of 75 Milky Way Cepheids Confirm Tension with ΛCDM
Casertano, Stefano; Riess, Adam G.; Yuan, Wenlong +4 more
We present an expanded sample of 75 Milky Way Cepheids with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) photometry and Gaia EDR3 parallaxes, which we use to recalibrate the extragalactic distance ladder and refine the determination of the Hubble constant. All HST observations were obtained with the same instrument (WFC3) and filters (F555W, F814W, F160W) used fo…
Gaia Early Data Release 3. Photometric content and validation
Gilmore, G.; Harrison, D. L.; Jordi, C. +39 more
Context. Gaia Early Data Release 3 (Gaia EDR3) contains astrometry and photometry results for about 1.8 billion sources based on observations collected by the European Space Agency Gaia satellite during the first 34 months of its operational phase.
Aims: In this paper, we focus on the photometric content, describing the input data, the algori…
The GALAH+ survey: Third data release
Lewis, Geraint F.; Ting, Yuan-Sen; Casey, Andrew R. +44 more
The ensemble of chemical element abundance measurements for stars, along with precision distances and orbit properties, provides high-dimensional data to study the evolution of the Milky Way. With this third data release of the Galactic Archaeology with HERMES (GALAH) survey, we publish 678 423 spectra for 588 571 mostly nearby stars (81.2 per cen…
Measurements of the Hubble Constant: Tensions in Perspective
Freedman, Wendy L.
Measurement of the distances to nearby galaxies has improved rapidly in recent decades. The ever-present challenge is to reduce systematic effects, especially as greater distances are probed and the uncertainties become larger. In this paper, we combine several recent calibrations of the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) method. These calibration…
Gaia EDR3 view on galactic globular clusters
Vasiliev, Eugene; Baumgardt, Holger
We use the data from Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) to study the kinematic properties of Milky Way globular clusters. We measure the mean parallaxes and proper motions (PM) for 170 clusters, determine the PM dispersion profiles for more than 100 clusters, uncover rotation signatures in more than 20 objects, and find evidence for radial or tangen…