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Dayside Transient Phenomena and Their Impact on the Magnetosphere and Ionosphere
Zong, Qiugang; Lin, Yu; Kallio, Esa +17 more
Dayside transients, such as hot flow anomalies, foreshock bubbles, magnetosheath jets, flux transfer events, and surface waves, are frequently observed upstream from the bow shock, in the magnetosheath, and at the magnetopause. They play a significant role in the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. Foreshock transient phenomena, associat…
Particle energization in space plasmas: towards a multi-point, multi-scale plasma observatory
Sorriso-Valvo, Luca; Retinò, Alessandro; McWilliams, Kathryn +27 more
This White Paper outlines the importance of addressing the fundamental science theme "How are charged particles energized in space plasmas" through a future ESA mission. The White Paper presents five compelling science questions related to particle energization by shocks, reconnection, waves and turbulence, jets and their combinations. Answering t…
Recent Developments in Particle Acceleration at Shocks: Theory and Observations
Giacalone, Joe; Perri, Silvia; Fichtner, Horst +2 more
Energetic particles represent an important component of the plasma in the heliosphere. They range from particles accelerated at impulsive events in the solar corona and at large scale structures in the interplanetary medium, to anomalous cosmic rays accelerated at the boundaries of the heliosphere. In-situ satellite observations, numerical simulat…
Magnetospheric Response To Solar Wind Forcing: Ultra-Low-Frequency Wave-Particle Interaction Perspective
Zong, Qiugang
Solar wind forcing, e.g., interplanetary shock and/or solar wind dynamic pressure pulses impacting Earth's magnetosphere, manifests many fundamental important space physics phenomena, including producing electromagnetic waves, plasma heating, and energetic particle acceleration. This paper summarizes our present understanding of the magnetospheric…
The Effect of Current on Magnetic Null Topology during Turbulent Reconnection
Wang, Z.; Cao, J. B.; Liu, Y. Y. +5 more
Using data from the Cluster mission and the First-Order Taylor Expansion method, we investigate the spiral magnetic nulls nested in the diffusion region of turbulent reconnection in the magnetotail. We particularly focus on the relation between the magnetic null topologies and currents, which can be decomposed into a component perpendicular to spi…
Global Three-Dimensional Draping of Magnetic Field Lines in Earth's Magnetosheath From In-Situ Spacecraft Measurements
Lavraud, B.; Génot, V.; Jeandet, A. +4 more
Magnetic field draping occurs when the magnetic field lines frozen in a plasma flow wrap around a body or plasma environment. The draping of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) around the Earth's magnetosphere has been confirmed in the early days of space exploration. However, its global and three-dimensional structure is known from modeling o…
Strategies for Determining the Cascade Rate in MHD Turbulence: Isotropy, Anisotropy, and Spacecraft Sampling
Shay, Michael A.; Oughton, Sean; Yang, Yan +6 more
Exact laws for evaluating cascade rates, tracing back to the Kolmogorov "4/5" law, have been extended to many systems of interest including magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), and compressible flows of the magnetofluid and ordinary fluid types. It is understood that implementations may be limited by the quantity of available data and by the lack of turbul…
High-frequency Magnetic Fluctuations in Space Plasmas and the Role of Electron Landau Damping
Telloni, Daniele; Vecchio, Antonio; Lepreti, Fabio +1 more
While low-frequency plasma fluctuations in the interplanetary space have been successfully described in the framework of classical turbulence, high-frequency fluctuations still represent a challenge for theoretical models. At these scales, kinetic plasma processes are at work, but although some of them have been identified in spacecraft measuremen…
Massive Multi-Mission Statistical Study and Analytical Modeling of the Earth's Magnetopause: 1. A Gradient Boosting Based Automatic Detection of Near-Earth Regions
Lavraud, B.; Jeandet, A.; Aunai, N. +3 more
We present an automatic classification method of the three near-Earth regions, the magnetosphere, the magnetosheath and the solar wind from their in situ data measurement by multiple spacecraft. Based on gradient boosting classifier, this very simple and very fast method outperforms the detection routines based on manually set thresholds. The meth…
Massive Multi-Mission Statistical Study and Analytical Modeling of the Earth's Magnetopause: 2. Shape and Location
Lavraud, B.; Jeandet, A.; Aunai, N. +3 more
The Earth magnetopause is the boundary between the magnetosphere and the shocked solar wind. Its location and shape are primarily determined by the properties of the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) but the nature of the control parameters and to what extent they impact the stand-off distance, the flaring, and the symmetries, on …