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Ultra-Low Frequency Waves of Foreshock Origin Upstream and Inside of the Magnetospheres of Earth, Mercury, and Saturn Related to Solar Wind–Magnetosphere Coupling

Juhász, Antal; Bebesi, Zsofia; Dwivedi, Navin Kumar +2 more

This review examines ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves across different planetary environments, focusing on Earth, Mercury, and Saturn. Data from spacecraft missions (CHAMP, Swarm, and Oersted for Earth; MESSENGER for Mercury; and Cassini for Saturn) provide insights into ULF wave dynamics. At Earth, compressional ULF waves, particularly Pc3 waves, …

The Dynamics of Earth's Cusp in Response to the Interplanetary Shock

Zong, Qiugang; Kistler, Lynn; Fu, Suiyan +9 more

The Earth's magnetospheric cusp, a region with an off-equatorial magnetic field minimum, is an important place which directly transports plasma and energy from the solar wind into the magnetosphere and ionosphere. Its magnetic topology and charged particles therein are known to respond to the solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field. Howev…