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Heliosheath Proton Distribution in the Plasma Reference Frame

McComas, D. J.; Dayeh, M. A.; Swaczyna, P. +2 more

Properties of the inner heliosheath (IHS) plasma are inferred from energetic neutral atom (ENA) observations by ∼1 au spacecraft. However, the Compton-Getting effect due to the plasma velocity relative to the spacecraft is rarely taken into account, even though the plasma speed is a significant fraction of the ENA speed. In this study, we transfor…

Numerical Modeling of Latitudinal Gradients for Galactic Cosmic-Ray Protons during Solar Minima: Comparing with Ulysses Observations

Qin, Gang; Shen, Zhenning; Zuo, Pingbing +2 more

The latitudinal gradients of galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) protons measured by Ulysses during two successive minima provide a unique opportunity to study the modulation effects in polar regions of the heliosphere. In this work, a GCR modulation model based on numerically solving the Parker transport equation is used to study the latitudinal distributi…