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The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. II. UV, Optical, and Near-infrared Light Curves and Comparison to Kilonova Models
Fryer, C. L.; Berger, E.; Benoit-Lévy, A. +141 more
We present UV, optical, and near-infrared (NIR) photometry of the first electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave source from Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo, the binary neutron star merger GW170817. Our data set extends from the discovery of the optical counterpart at 0.47-18.5 days post-merger,…
The Emergence of a Lanthanide-rich Kilonova Following the Merger of Two Neutron Stars
Wollaeger, R. T.; Fryer, C. L.; Korobkin, O. +51 more
We report the discovery and monitoring of the near-infrared counterpart (AT2017gfo) of a binary neutron-star merger event detected as a gravitational wave source by Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO)/Virgo (GW170817) and as a short gamma-ray burst by Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and Integral SPI-ACS (GRB 170…
The Frontier Fields: Survey Design and Initial Results
Dickinson, M.; Zitrin, A.; Robberto, M. +39 more
What are the faintest distant galaxies we can see with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) now, before the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope? This is the challenge taken up by the Frontier Fields, a Director’s discretionary time campaign with HST and the Spitzer Space Telescope to see deeper into the universe than ever before. The Frontier Fie…
The Combined Ultraviolet, Optical, and Near-infrared Light Curves of the Kilonova Associated with the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817: Unified Data Set, Analytic Models, and Physical Implications
Berger, E.; Chornock, R.; Fong, W. +10 more
We present the first effort to aggregate, homogenize, and uniformly model the combined ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared data set for the electromagnetic counterpart of the binary neutron star merger GW170817. By assembling all of the available data from 18 different papers and 46 different instruments, we are able to identify and mitigate s…
The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/Virgo GW170817. III. Optical and UV Spectra of a Blue Kilonova from Fast Polar Ejecta
Berger, E.; Rest, A.; Annis, J. +31 more
We present optical and ultraviolet spectra of the first electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave (GW) source, the binary neutron star merger GW170817. Spectra were obtained nightly between 1.5 and 9.5 days post-merger, using the Southern Astrophysical Research and Magellan telescopes; the UV spectrum was obtained with the Hubble Space T…
Directly Observing the Galaxies Likely Responsible for Reionization
Finkelstein, S. L.; Lotz, J. M.; Livermore, R. C.
We report a new analysis of the Hubble Frontier Fields clusters Abell 2744 and MACS 0416 using wavelet decomposition to remove the cluster light, enabling the detection of highly magnified (>50×) galaxies a factor of 10× fainter in luminosity than previous studies. We find 167 galaxies at z≳ 6, and with this sample we are able to characterize t…
Dust in the Reionization Era: ALMA Observations of a z = 8.38 Gravitationally Lensed Galaxy
Pérez-Fournon, I.; Laporte, N.; Bauer, F. E. +6 more
We report on the detailed analysis of a gravitationally lensed Y-band dropout, A2744_YD4, selected from deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging in the Frontier Field cluster Abell 2744. Band 7 observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) indicate the proximate detection of a significant 1 mm continuum flux suggesting the p…
The z ∼ 6 Luminosity Function Fainter than -15 mag from the Hubble Frontier Fields: The Impact of Magnification Uncertainties
Oesch, P. A.; Bouwens, R. J.; Illingworth, G. D. +2 more
We use the largest sample of z∼ 6 galaxies to date from the first four Hubble Frontier Fields clusters to set constraints on the shape of the z∼ 6 luminosity functions (LFs) to fainter than {M}{UV,{AB}}=-14 mag. We quantify, for the first time, the impact of magnification uncertainties on LF results and thus provide more realistic const…
Structural and Star-forming Relations since z ∼ 3: Connecting Compact Star-forming and Quiescent Galaxies
Barro, Guillermo; Pérez-González, Pablo G.; Kocevski, Dale D. +13 more
We study the evolution of the scaling relations that compare the effective density ({{{Σ }}}{{e}},r< {r}{{e}}) and core density ({{{Σ }}}1,r< 1 kpc) to the stellar masses of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and quiescent galaxies. These relations have been fully in place since z∼ 3 and have exhibited almost const…
The COS-Halos Survey: Metallicities in the Low-redshift Circumgalactic Medium
Tripp, Todd M.; Worseck, Gábor; Prochaska, J. Xavier +8 more
We analyze new far-ultraviolet spectra of 13 quasars from the z∼ 0.2 COS-Halos survey that cover the H I Lyman limit of 14 circumgalactic medium (CGM) systems. These data yield precise estimates or more constraining limits than previous COS-Halos measurements on the H I column densities {N}{{H}{{I}}}. We then apply a Monte-Carlo Markov …