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Deconstructing the Properties of Solar Super Active Region 13664 in the Context of the Historic Geomagnetic Storm of 2024 May 10–11
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad960b Bibcode: 2025ApJ...979...31J

Nandy, Dibyendu; Jaswal, Priyansh; Sinha, Suvadip

Active regions (ARs) are sites of strong magnetic fields on the solar surface whose size can be several times that of Earth. They spawn dynamic activity, sometimes resulting in severe space weather. Some ARs characterized by extraordinary magnetic properties and exhibiting extreme activity are termed as super active regions (SARs). Recently, solar…

2025 The Astrophysical Journal
SOHO SolarOrbiter 2
Shock and SEP Modeling Study for the 2022 September 5 SEP Event
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ada0be Bibcode: 2025ApJ...979..100K

Lario, D.; Jebaraj, I. C.; Mitchell, D. G. +10 more

On 2022 September 5, during Parker Solar Probe's (PSP) 13th encounter, a fast shock wave and a related solar energetic particle (SEP) event were observed as the spacecraft approached the perihelion of its orbit. Observations from the Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (IS⊙IS) instrument suite show that SEPs arrived at the spacecraft with …

2025 The Astrophysical Journal
SOHO SolarOrbiter 2
Differentiating the Acceleration Mechanisms in the Slow and Alfvénic Slow Solar Wind
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ada699 Bibcode: 2025ApJ...980...70R

D'Amicis, Raffaella; Reeves, Katharine K.; Stawarz, Julia E. +18 more

In the corona, plasma is accelerated to hundreds of kilometers per second and heated to temperatures hundreds of times hotter than the Sun's surface before it escapes to form the solar wind. Decades of space-based experiments have shown that the energization process does not stop after it escapes. Instead, the solar wind continues to accelerate, a…

2025 The Astrophysical Journal
Hinode SolarOrbiter 1
Transonic Turbulence and Density Fluctuations in the Near-Sun Solar Wind
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ada3d8 Bibcode: 2025ApJ...979L...4Z

Li, H.; Zank, G. P.; Zhao, L. -L. +2 more

We use in situ measurements from the first 19 encounters of Parker Solar Probe and the most recent five encounters of Solar Orbiter to study the evolution of the turbulent sonic Mach number Mt (the ratio of the amplitude of velocity fluctuations to the sound speed) with radial distance and its relationship to density fluctuations. We fo…

2025 The Astrophysical Journal
SolarOrbiter 1
Near- and Mid-ultraviolet Observations of X-6.3 Flare on 2024 February 22 Recorded by the Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope on board Aditya-L1
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/adb0be Bibcode: 2025ApJ...981L..19R

Solanki, Sami K.; Tripathi, Durgesh; Nandy, Dibyendu +10 more

Solar flares are regularly observed in extreme-ultraviolet soft X-rays (SXRs) and hard X-rays (HXRs). However, those in near- and mid-ultraviolet are sparse. The Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT) on board the Aditya-L1, launched on 2023 September 2, provides regular observations in the 200–400 nm wavelength range through 11 filters. Here,…

2025 The Astrophysical Journal
SolarOrbiter 0
Quasi-parallel Antisunward-propagating Whistler Waves Associated with the Electron Deficit in the Near-Sun Solar Wind: Particle-in-cell Simulation
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ada3d7 Bibcode: 2025ApJ...979..226M

Verscharen, Daniel; Coburn, Jesse T.; Innocenti, Maria Elena +1 more

In situ observations of the solar wind have shown that the electron velocity distribution function (VDF) consists of a quasi-Maxwellian core, comprising most of the electron population, and two sparser components: the halo, which are suprathermal and quasi-isotropic electrons, and an escaping beam population, the strahl. Recent Parker Solar Probe …

2025 The Astrophysical Journal
SolarOrbiter 0
Testing the Flux Rope Paradigm for Coronal Mass Ejections Using a Three-spacecraft Encounter Event
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/adad5c Bibcode: 2025ApJ...980..113W

Hess, Phillip; Wood, Brian E.

We present a 3D morphological and field reconstruction of a coronal mass ejection (CME) from 2023 November 28, which hits three spacecraft near 1 au: Wind at Earth's L1 Lagrange point, STEREO-A with a longitudinal separation of 6 5 west of Earth, and Solar Orbiter (SolO) at 10 7 eas…

2025 The Astrophysical Journal
SOHO SolarOrbiter 0
Statistics of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field from 0.1 to 30 au. I. Distribution Character
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad9b28 Bibcode: 2025ApJ...980...89Z

Zong, Qiugang; He, Jiansen; Yang, Liu +7 more

This study investigates the directional and intensity distributions of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) across a heliocentric distance range of approximately 0.1–30 au. Measurements from multiple spacecraft reveal that these distributions align closely with the Parker spiral configuration in general. Nevertheless, the deviation from the mod…

2025 The Astrophysical Journal
SolarOrbiter 0
Longitudinal Dependence of Heavy Ion Composition in the 2021 October 28 Ground Level Enhancement Event
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ada24b Bibcode: 2025ApJ...978L..35C

Mitchell, D. G.; McComas, D. J.; Mitchell, J. G. +19 more

The 2021 October 28 solar energetic particle (SEP) event was a rare ground level enhancement (GLE) event, where secondary particles from the interactions of SEPs with the Earth's atmosphere were detected by neutron monitors on the ground. A number of papers have examined the solar signatures, neutron monitor observations, and the characteristics o…

2025 The Astrophysical Journal
SOHO SolarOrbiter 0
On the Existence of Long-period Decayless Oscillations in Short Active Region Loops
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad95fb Bibcode: 2025ApJ...979....6S

Van Doorsselaere, Tom; Lim, Daye; Berghmans, David +5 more

Decayless kink oscillations, characterized by their lack of decay in amplitude, have been detected in coronal loops of varying scales in active regions, the quiet Sun, and coronal holes. Short-period (<50 s) decayless oscillations have been detected in short loops (< 50 Mm) within active regions. Nevertheless, long-period decayless oscillati…

2025 The Astrophysical Journal
SolarOrbiter 0