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Modeling the Radiation Environment of Energetic Particles at Mars Orbit and a First Validation against TGO Measurements

Guo, Jingnan; Liu, Weihao; Semkova, Jordanka +1 more

Sending astronauts to Mars will be a milestone of future deep space exploration activities. However, energetic particle radiation in deep space and in the Mars environment is a major risk to the health of future human explorers. The nominal Martian surface radiation field contains primary Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) particles and secondary particles…

Climatological Gravity Waves in the Middle and Upper Atmosphere of Mars Based on ACS/TGO Observations

Zhang, Yun; Zhang, Jie; Ji, Qianqian +2 more

Gravity waves (GWs) are important for the vertical coupling of the Martian atmosphere. The middle atmosphere is the key region where GWs propagate to the upper thermosphere and generate momentum and energy exchange, but the knowledge of middle-atmosphere GWs is incomplete, due to the lack of observations with the kilometer-scale resolution. We hav…