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The Thermosphere Is a Drag: The 2022 Starlink Incident and the Threat of Geomagnetic Storms to Low Earth Orbit Space Operations
Berger, T. E.; Dominique, M.; Thiemann, E. +6 more
On 03 February 2022, SpaceX launched 49 Starlink satellites, 38 of which re-entered the atmosphere on or about 07 February 2022 due to unexpectedly high atmospheric drag. We use empirical model (NRLMSIS, JB08, and HASDM) outputs as well as solar extreme ultraviolet occultation and high-fidelity accelerometer data to show that thermospheric density…
Global Diagnostics of Ionospheric Absorption During X-Ray Solar Flares Based on 8- to 20-MHz Noise Measured by Over-the-Horizon Radars
Lester, M.; Marchaudon, A.; Marcucci, M. F. +9 more
An analysis of noise attenuation during 80 solar flares between 2013 and 2017 was carried out at frequencies 8-20 MHz using 34 Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radars and the EKB ISTP SB RAS radar. The attenuation was determined on the basis of noise measurements performed by the radars during the intervals between transmitting periods. The locati…
Vertical Thermospheric Density Profiles From EUV Solar Occultations Made by PROBA2 LYRA for Solar Cycle 24
Dominique, M.; Eparvier, F. G.; Thiemann, E. M. B. +1 more
A new data set of summed neutral N2 and O number density profiles, spanning altitudes between 150 and 400 km, and observed during Northern Winter from 2010 to 2016 is presented. The neutral density profiles are derived from solar occultation measurements made by the 0.1-20 nm Zr channel on the Large Yield Radiometer (LYRA) instrument on…