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O+ Escape During the Extreme Space Weather Event of 4-10 September 2017
Nilsson, Hans; Dandouras, Iannis; Slapak, Rikard +5 more
We have investigated the consequences of extreme space weather on ion outflow from the polar ionosphere by analyzing the solar storm that occurred early September 2017, causing a severe geomagnetic storm. Several X-flares and coronal mass ejections were observed between 4 and 10 September. The first shock—likely associated with a coronal mass ejec…
Empirical Modeling of the Quiet and Storm Time Geosynchronous Magnetic Field
Tsyganenko, N. A.; Andreeva, V. A.
A dynamical empirical model of the near-geosynchronous magnetic field has been constructed, based on a recently developed radial basis functions approach and a multiyear set of spacecraft data taken by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS), Polar, Cluster, and Van Allen Probes missions including 133 geomagnet…