Search Publications
North-South Asymmetries in Earth's Magnetic Field. Effects on High-Latitude Geospace
Reistad, J. P.; Laundal, K. M.; Milan, S. E. +5 more
The solar-wind magnetosphere interaction primarily occurs at altitudes where the dipole component of Earth's magnetic field is dominating. The disturbances that are created in this interaction propagate along magnetic field lines and interact with the ionosphere-thermosphere system. At ionospheric altitudes, the Earth's field deviates significantl…
Solar Wind Interaction and Impact on the Venus Atmosphere
Barabash, Stas; Stenberg Wieser, Gabriella; Futaana, Yoshifumi +1 more
Venus has intrigued planetary scientists for decades because of its huge contrasts to Earth, in spite of its nickname of "Earth's Twin". Its invisible upper atmosphere and space environment are also part of the larger story of Venus and its evolution. In 60s to 70s, several missions (Venera and Mariner series) explored Venus-solar wind interaction…
Venus Surface Composition Constrained by Observation and Experiment
Helbert, Jörn; Gilmore, Martha; Treiman, Allan +1 more
New observations from the Venus Express spacecraft as well as theoretical and experimental investigation of Venus analogue materials have advanced our understanding of the petrology of Venus melts and the mineralogy of rocks on the surface. The VIRTIS instrument aboard Venus Express provided a map of the southern hemisphere of Venus at ∼1 µm…
Pulsar-Wind Nebulae and Magnetar Outflows: Observations at Radio, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Wavelengths
Mereghetti, Sandro; Reynolds, Stephen P.; Pavlov, George G. +3 more
We review observations of several classes of neutron-star-powered outflows: pulsar-wind nebulae (PWNe) inside shell supernova remnants (SNRs), PWNe interacting directly with interstellar medium (ISM), and magnetar-powered outflows. We describe radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray observations of PWNe, focusing first on integrated spectral-energy distributi…
Heliosheath Processes and the Structure of the Heliopause: Modeling Energetic Particles, Cosmic Rays, and Magnetic Fields
Wurz, P.; Fichtner, H.; Scherer, K. +11 more
This paper summarizes the results obtained by the team "Heliosheath Processes and the Structure of the Heliopause: Modeling Energetic Particles, Cosmic Rays, and Magnetic Fields" supported by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, Switzerland. We focus on the physical processes occurring in the outer heliosphere, especially at i…
The Global Solar Dynamo
Cameron, R. H.; Dikpati, M.; Brandenburg, A.
A brief summary of the various observations and constraints that underlie solar dynamo research are presented. The arguments that indicate that the solar dynamo is an alpha-omega dynamo of the Babcock-Leighton type are then shortly reviewed. The main open questions that remain are concerned with the subsurface dynamics, including why sunspots emer…
Radiative Diagnostics in the Solar Photosphere and Chromosphere
van Noort, M.; de la Cruz Rodríguez, J.
Magnetic fields on the surface of the Sun and stars in general imprint or modify the polarization state of the electromagnetic radiation that is leaving from the star. The inference of solar/stellar magnetic fields is performed by detecting, studying and modeling polarized light from the target star. In this review we present an overview of techni…
Measurements of Photospheric and Chromospheric Magnetic Fields
Gosain, Sanjay; Lagg, Andreas; Lites, Bruce +2 more
The Sun is replete with magnetic fields, with sunspots, pores and plage regions being their most prominent representatives on the solar surface. But even far away from these active regions, magnetic fields are ubiquitous. To a large extent, their importance for the thermodynamics in the solar photosphere is determined by the total magnetic flux. W…
Achievements and Challenges in the Science of Space Weather
Veronig, Astrid; Balogh, André; Koskinen, Hannu E. J. +3 more
In June 2016 a group of 40 space weather scientists attended the workshop on Scientific Foundations of Space Weather at the International Space Science Institute in Bern. In this lead article to the volume based on the talks and discussions during the workshop we review some of main past achievements in the field and outline some of the challenges…
Near-Earth Magnetic Field Effects of Large-Scale Magnetospheric Currents
Le, Guan; Lühr, Hermann; Xiong, Chao +1 more
Magnetospheric currents play an important role in the electrodynamics of near-Earth space. This has been the topic of many space science studies. Here we focus on the magnetic fields they cause close to Earth. Their contribution to the geomagnetic field is the second largest after the core field. Significant progress in interpreting the magnetic f…