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Abundances, Ionization States, Temperatures, and FIP in Solar Energetic Particles

Reames, Donald V.

The relative abundances of chemical elements and isotopes have been our most effective tool in identifying and understanding the physical processes that control populations of energetic particles. The early surprise in solar energetic particles (SEPs) was 1000-fold enhancements in {}³He/{}⁴He from resonant wave-particle inter…