Search Publications
The Magnetic Field Structure of Coronal Mass Ejections: A More Realistic Representation
Lugaz, Noé; Al-Haddad, Nada
It is often accepted that the magnetic field structure of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is accurately represented by the highly twisted circular cross-section magnetic flux rope model, which is the basis of all most commonly used sketches and representations of CMEs. This paradigm has been developed based on studies in the 1970s and 1980s, and it …
Heavy Molecular and Metallic Ions in the Magnetosphere
Yamauchi, M.; Wurz, P.; Dandouras, I. +11 more
Observations and present knowledge of heavy ions with mass ≥ 27 in the magnetosphere are reviewed. There are four ultimate sources of these heavy ions: the solar wind (mainly high charge-state atomic ions), the ionosphere (mainly molecular ions), the atmospheric metal layers that originate ultimately from ablation of meteoroids and possibly space …
Parker Solar Probe: Four Years of Discoveries at Solar Cycle Minimum
McComas, D. J.; Bale, S. D.; Matteini, L. +55 more
Launched on 12 Aug. 2018, NASA's Parker Solar Probe had completed 13 of its scheduled 24 orbits around the Sun by Nov. 2022. The mission's primary science goal is to determine the structure and dynamics of the Sun's coronal magnetic field, understand how the solar corona and wind are heated and accelerated, and determine what processes accelerate …
Dynamics of Large-Scale Solar Flows
Gizon, Laurent; Noraz, Quentin; Hotta, Hideyuki +2 more
The Sun's axisymmetric large-scale flows, differential rotation and meridional circulation, are thought to be maintained by the influence of rotation on the thermal-convective motions in the solar convection zone. These large-scale flows are crucial for maintaining the Sun's global magnetic field. Over the last several decades, our understanding o…
Extreme Solar Events: Setting up a Paradigm
Notsu, Yuta; Maehara, Hiroyuki; Dalla, Silvia +17 more
The Sun is magnetically active and often produces eruptive events on different energetic and temporal scales. Until recently, the upper limit of such events was unknown and believed to be roughly represented by direct instrumental observations. However, two types of extreme events were discovered recently: extreme solar energetic particle events o…
Particles and Photons as Drivers for Particle Release from the Surfaces of the Moon and Mercury
Wurz, P.; Lammer, H.; Galli, A. +13 more
The Moon and Mercury are airless bodies, thus they are directly exposed to the ambient plasma (ions and electrons), to photons mostly from the Sun from infrared range all the way to X-rays, and to meteoroid fluxes. Direct exposure to these exogenic sources has important consequences for the formation and evolution of planetary surfaces, including …
The Structure of the Large-Scale Heliosphere as Seen by Current Models
Heerikhuisen, Jacob; Fraternale, Federico; Pogorelov, Nikolai +6 more
This review summarizes the current state of research aiming at a description of the global heliosphere using both analytical and numerical modeling efforts, particularly in view of the overall plasma/neutral flow and magnetic field structure, and its relation to energetic neutral atoms. Being part of a larger volume on current heliospheric researc…
Anomalous Cosmic Rays and Heliospheric Energetic Particles
Fichtner, H.; Leske, R. A.; Hill, M. E. +7 more
We present a review of Anomalous Cosmic Rays (ACRs), including the history of their discovery and recent insights into their acceleration and transport in the heliosphere. We focus on a few selected topics including a discussion of mechanisms of their acceleration, escape from the heliosphere, their effects on the dynamics of the heliosheath, tran…
The Structure of the Global Heliosphere as Seen by In-Situ Ions from the Voyagers and Remotely Sensed ENAs from Cassini
Krimigis, Stamatios M.; Mitchell, Donald G.; Hilchenbach, Martin +5 more
The exploration of interplanetary space and our solar bubble, the heliosphere, has made a big leap over the past two decades, due to the path-breaking observations of the two Voyager spacecraft, launched more than 44 years ago. Their in-situ particle and fields measurements were complemented by remote observations of 5.2 to 55 keV Energetic Neutra…
The Heliosphere and Local Interstellar Medium from Neutral Atom Observations at Energies Below 10 keV
Schwadron, Nathan A.; Izmodenov, Vladislav V.; Kucharek, Harald +8 more
As the heliosphere moves through the surrounding interstellar medium, a fraction of the interstellar neutral helium, hydrogen, and heavier species crossing the heliopause make it to the inner heliosphere as neutral atoms with energies ranging from few eV to several hundred eV. In addition, energetic neutral hydrogen atoms originating from solar wi…