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Towards a Unified View of Inhomogeneous Stellar Winds in Isolated Supergiant Stars and Supergiant High Mass X-Ray Binaries
Fürst, Felix; Kretschmar, Peter; Wilms, Jörn +13 more
Massive stars, at least ∼10 times more massive than the Sun, have two key properties that make them the main drivers of evolution of star clusters, galaxies, and the Universe as a whole. On the one hand, the outer layers of massive stars are so hot that they produce most of the ionizing ultraviolet radiation of galaxies; in fact, the first massive…
Pulsar-Wind Nebulae and Magnetar Outflows: Observations at Radio, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Wavelengths
Mereghetti, Sandro; Reynolds, Stephen P.; Pavlov, George G. +3 more
We review observations of several classes of neutron-star-powered outflows: pulsar-wind nebulae (PWNe) inside shell supernova remnants (SNRs), PWNe interacting directly with interstellar medium (ISM), and magnetar-powered outflows. We describe radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray observations of PWNe, focusing first on integrated spectral-energy distributi…
Hard X-Ray/Soft Gamma-Ray Experiments and Missions: Overview and Prospects
Frontera, Filippo; Cavallari, Erica
Starting from 1960s, a great number of missions and experiments have been performed for the study of the high-energy sky. This review gives a wide vision of the most important space missions and balloon experiments that have operated in the 10-600 keV band, a crucial window for the study of the most energetic and violent phenomena in the Universe.…