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Origins of the Ambient Solar Wind: Implications for Space Weather
Cranmer, Steven R.; Riley, Pete; Gibson, Sarah E.
The Sun's outer atmosphere is heated to temperatures of millions of degrees, and solar plasma flows out into interplanetary space at supersonic speeds. This paper reviews our current understanding of these interrelated problems: coronal heating and the acceleration of the ambient solar wind. We also discuss where the community stands in its abilit…
Radiative Diagnostics in the Solar Photosphere and Chromosphere
van Noort, M.; de la Cruz Rodríguez, J.
Magnetic fields on the surface of the Sun and stars in general imprint or modify the polarization state of the electromagnetic radiation that is leaving from the star. The inference of solar/stellar magnetic fields is performed by detecting, studying and modeling polarized light from the target star. In this review we present an overview of techni…
Measurements of Photospheric and Chromospheric Magnetic Fields
Gosain, Sanjay; Lagg, Andreas; Lites, Bruce +2 more
The Sun is replete with magnetic fields, with sunspots, pores and plage regions being their most prominent representatives on the solar surface. But even far away from these active regions, magnetic fields are ubiquitous. To a large extent, their importance for the thermodynamics in the solar photosphere is determined by the total magnetic flux. W…
Solar Magnetoconvection and Small-Scale Dynamo. Recent Developments in Observation and Simulation
Solanki, S. K.; Borrero, J. M.; Schüssler, M. +1 more
A number of observational and theoretical aspects of solar magnetoconvection are considered in this review. We discuss recent developments in our understanding of the small-scale structure of the magnetic field on the solar surface and its interaction with convective flows, which is at the centre of current research. Topics range from plage areas …