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Ohm's Law, the Reconnection Rate, and Energy Conversion in Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection

Phan, Tai; Cassak, Paul A.; Hoshino, Masahiro +12 more

Magnetic reconnection is a ubiquitous plasma process that transforms magnetic energy into particle energy during eruptive events throughout the universe. Reconnection not only converts energy during solar flares and geomagnetic substorms that drive space weather near Earth, but it may also play critical roles in the high energy emissions from the …

Jets Downstream of Collisionless Shocks: Recent Discoveries and Challenges

Raptis, Savvas; Blanco-Cano, Xóchitl; Karlsson, Tomas +19 more

Plasma flows with enhanced dynamic pressure, known as magnetosheath jets, are often found downstream of collisionless shocks. As they propagate through the magnetosheath, they interact with the surrounding plasma, shaping its properties, and potentially becoming geoeffective upon reaching the magnetopause. In recent years (since 2016), new researc…

The Role of Kinetic Instabilities and Waves in Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection

Khotyaintsev, Yu. V.; Graham, D. B.; Steinvall, K. +13 more

Magnetic reconnection converts magnetic field energy into particle energy by breaking and reconnecting magnetic field lines. Magnetic reconnection is a kinetic process that generates a wide variety of kinetic waves via wave-particle interactions. Kinetic waves have been proposed to play an important role in magnetic reconnection in collisionless p…

From Foreshock 30-Second Waves to Magnetospheric Pc3 Waves

Kajdič, Primož; Pfau-Kempf, Yann; Turc, Lucile +7 more

Ultra-low frequency waves, with periods between 1-1000 s, are ubiquitous in the near-Earth plasma environment and play an important role in magnetospheric dynamics and in the transfer of electromagnetic energy from the solar wind to the magnetosphere. A class of those waves, often referred to as Pc3 waves when they are recorded from the ground, wi…