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Diffuse and Pulsating Aurora
Miyoshi, Yoshizumi; Nishimura, Yukitoshi; Katoh, Yuto +14 more
This chapter reviews fundamental properties and recent advances of diffuse and pulsating aurora. Diffuse and pulsating aurora often occurs on closed field lines and involves energetic electron precipitation by wave-particle interaction. After summarizing the definition, large-scale morphology, types of pulsation, and driving processes, we review o…
Aurora in the Polar Cap: A Review
Frey, Harald U.; Kullen, Anita; Maggiolo, Romain +5 more
This paper reviews our current understanding of auroral features that appear poleward of the main auroral oval within the polar cap, especially those that are known as Sun-aligned arcs, transpolar arcs, or theta auroras. They tend to appear predominantly during periods of quiet geomagnetic activity or northwards directed interplanetary magnetic fi…
Quiet, Discrete Auroral Arcs—Observations
Marghitu, O.; Karlsson, T.; Andersson, L. +5 more
Quiet, discrete auroral arcs are an important and fundamental consequence of solar wind-magnetosphere interaction. We summarize the current standing of observations of such auroral arcs. We review the basic characteristics of the arcs, including occurrence in time and space, lifetimes, width and length, as well as brightness, and the energy of the…
Physical Processes of Meso-Scale, Dynamic Auroral Forms
Sergeev, V. A.; Nishimura, Y.; Forsyth, C. +2 more
Meso-scale auroral forms, such as poleward boundary intensifications, streamers, omega bands, beads and giant undulations, are manifestations of dynamic processes in the magnetosphere driven, to a large part, by plasma instabilities in the magnetotail. New observations from ground- and space-based instrumentation and theoretical treatments are giv…
Magnetospheric Studies: A Requirement for Addressing Interdisciplinary Mysteries in the Ice Giant Systems
Roussos, E.; Rymer, A.; Allen, R. C. +18 more
Uranus and Neptune are the least-explored planets in our Solar System. This paper summarizes mysteries about these incredibly intriguing planets and their environments spurred by our limited observations from Voyager 2 and Earth-based systems. Several of these observations are either inconsistent with our current understanding built from exploring…
Quiet, Discrete Auroral Arcs: Acceleration Mechanisms
Marghitu, O.; Karlsson, T.; Song, Y. +4 more
The theory of the acceleration of auroral particles is reviewed, focusing on developments in the last 15 years. We discuss elementary plasma physics processes leading to acceleration of electrons to energies compatible with emission observed for quiet, discrete auroral arcs, defined as arcs that have time scales of minutes or more and spatial scal…
Future Missions Related to the Determination of the Elemental and Isotopic Composition of Earth, Moon and the Terrestrial Planets
Sotin, Christophe; Guenther, Eike W.; Dandouras, Iannis +14 more
In this chapter, we review the contribution of space missions to the determination of the elemental and isotopic composition of Earth, Moon and the terrestrial planets, with special emphasis on currently planned and future missions. We show how these missions are going to significantly contribute to, or sometimes revolutionise, our understanding o…
Measurements of Magnetic Field Fluctuations for Plasma Wave Investigation by the Search Coil Magnetometers (SCM) Onboard Bepicolombo Mio (Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter)
Sahraoui, Fouad; Le Contel, Olivier; Kasaba, Yasumasa +15 more
This paper describes the design and performance of the search coil magnetometers (SCM), which are part of the Plasma Wave Investigation (PWI) instrument onboard the BepiColombo/Mio spacecraft (Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter), which will measure the electric field, plasma waves and radio waves for the first time in Mercury's plasma environment. The…