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Jets Downstream of Collisionless Shocks
Kajdič, Primož; Blanco-Cano, Xóchitl; Karlsson, Tomas +10 more
The magnetosheath flow may take the form of large amplitude, yet spatially localized, transient increases in dynamic pressure, known as "magnetosheath jets" or "plasmoids" among other denominations. Here, we describe the present state of knowledge with respect to such jets, which are a very common phenomenon downstream of the quasi-parallel bow sh…
Partial Variance of Increments Method in Solar Wind Observations and Plasma Simulations
Perri, S.; Matthaeus, W. H.; Wan, M. +4 more
The method called "PVI" (Partial Variance of Increments) has been increasingly used in analysis of spacecraft and numerical simulation data since its inception in 2008. The purpose of the method is to study the kinematics and formation of coherent structures in space plasmas, a topic that has gained considerable attention, leading the development …
Electron Power-Law Spectra in Solar and Space Plasmas
Retinò, A.; Khotyaintsev, Y. V.; Eriksson, E. +10 more
Particles are accelerated to very high, non-thermal energies in solar and space plasma environments. While energy spectra of accelerated electrons often exhibit a power law, it remains unclear how electrons are accelerated to high energies and what processes determine the power-law index δ . Here, we review previous observations of the power-law i…
Imaging Plasma Density Structures in the Soft X-Rays Generated by Solar Wind Charge Exchange with Neutrals
Holmström, M.; Read, A. M.; Wing, S. +32 more
Both heliophysics and planetary physics seek to understand the complex nature of the solar wind's interaction with solar system obstacles like Earth's magnetosphere, the ionospheres of Venus and Mars, and comets. Studies with this objective are frequently conducted with the help of single or multipoint in situ electromagnetic field and particle ob…
Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability: Lessons Learned and Ways Forward
Nykyri, K.; Masson, A.
The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) is a ubiquitous phenomenon across the Universe, observed from 500 m deep in the oceans on Earth to the Orion molecular cloud. Over the past two decades, several space missions have enabled a leap forward in our understanding of this phenomenon at the Earth's magnetopause. Key results obtained by these mission…