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The role and contribution of magnetic fields, characterized via their magnetic flux, to the statistical structuring of the solar atmosphere

Li, K. J.; Xu, J. C.; Feng, W.

The anomalous heating of the solar upper atmosphere is one of the eight key problems in modern astronomy. Moreover, the stratification of the solar atmosphere is an outstanding key-problem in solar physics. In this study, a hot butterfly-like pattern is found to run through the chromosphere to the corona lying right on top of the magnetic butterfl…

The total solar irradiance during the recent solar minimum period measured by SOHO/VIRGO

Schmutz, W.; Finsterle, W.; Montillet, J. P. +3 more

Various space missions have measured the total solar irradiance (TSI) since 1978. Among them the experiments Precision Monitoring of Solar Variability (PREMOS) on the PICARD satellite (2010-2014) and the Variability of Irradiance and Gravity Oscillations (VIRGO) on the mission Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, which started in 1996 and is still …