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Mapping solar magnetic fields from the photosphere to the base of the corona

Hara, Hirohisa; De Pontieu, Bart; Carlsson, Mats +25 more

Routine ultraviolet imaging of the Sun's upper atmosphere shows the spectacular manifestation of solar activity; yet we remain blind to its main driver, the magnetic field. Here we report unprecedented spectropolarimetric observations of an active region plage and its surrounding enhanced network, showing circular polarization in ultraviolet (Mg I…

Water heavily fractionated as it ascends on Mars as revealed by ExoMars/NOMAD

Vandaele, Ann Carine; Aoki, Shohei; Liuzzi, Giuliano +15 more

Transient HCl in the atmosphere of Mars

Montmessin, Franck; Belyaev, Denis A.; Fedorova, Anna A. +23 more

A major quest in Mars' exploration has been the hunt for atmospheric gases, potentially unveiling ongoing activity of geophysical or biological origin. Here, we report the first detection of a halogen gas, HCl, which could, in theory, originate from contemporary volcanic degassing or chlorine released from gas-solid reactions. Our detections made …

The source of the major solar energetic particle events from super active region 11944

Brooks, David H.; Yardley, Stephanie L.

Shock waves associated with fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) accelerate solar energetic particles (SEPs) in the long duration, gradual events that pose hazards to crewed spaceflight and near-Earth technological assets, but the source of the CME shock-accelerated plasma is still debated. Here, we use multi-messenger observations from the Heliophy…

Revealing the source of Jupiter's x-ray auroral flares

Ness, Jan-Uwe; Kraft, Ralph; Sulaiman, Ali H. +22 more