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The Heliospheric Magnetic Field Over the South Polar Region of the Sun
Balogh, A.; Tsurutani, B. T.; Horbury, T. S. +3 more
Magnetic field measurements from the Ulysses space mission over the south polar regions of the sun showed that the structure and properties of the three-dimensional heliosphere were determined by the fast solar wind flow and magnetic fields from the large coronal holes in the polar regions of the sun. This conclusion applies at the current, minimu…
The Southern High-Speed Stream: Results from the SWICS Instrument on Ulysses
Livi, S.; Balsiger, H.; Geiss, J. +8 more
The high-speed solar wind streaming from the southern coronal hole was remarkably uniform and steady and was confined by a sharp boundary that extended to the corona and chromosphere. Charge state measurements indicate that the electron temperature in this coronal hole reached a maximum of about 1.5 million kelvin within 3 solar radii of the sun. …
HST Imaging of Atmospheric Phenomena Created by the Impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9
Simon, A. A.; Beebe, R. F.; West, R. A. +14 more
Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images reveal major atmospheric changes created by the collision of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter. Plumes rose to 3000 kilometers with ejection velocities on the order of 10 kilometers second-1; some plumes were visible in the shadow of Jupiter before rising into sunlight. During some impacts, the inco…
Ulysses Solar Wind Plasma Observations at High Southerly Latitudes
McComas, D. J.; Goldstein, B. E.; Bame, S. J. +7 more
Solar wind plasma observations made by the Ulysses spacecraft through -80.2^circ solar latitude and continuing equatorward to -40.1^circ are summarized. Recurrent high-speed streams and corotating interaction regions dominated at middle latitudes. The speed of the solar wind was typically 700 to 800 kilometers per second poleward of -35^circ. Coro…
HST Spectroscopic Observations of Jupiter After the Collision of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9
Atreya, S. K.; Trafton, L. M.; Caldwell, J. J. +6 more
Ultraviolet spectra obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope identified at least 10 molecules and atoms in the perturbed stratosphere near the G impact site, most never before observed in Jupiter. The large mass of sulfur-containing material, more than 1014 grams in S_2 alone, indicates that many of the sulfur-containing molecules S_2, …
Impact Debris Particles in Jupiter's Stratosphere
West, Robert A.; Baines, Kevin H.; Karkoschka, Erich +3 more
The aftermath of the impacts of periodic comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter was studied with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 on the Hubble Space Telescope. The impact debris particles may owe their dark brown color to organic material rich in sulfur and nitrogen. The total volume of aerosol 1 day after the last impact is equal to the volume of a …
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Observing Campaign on Comet Shoemaker- Levy 9
Stern, S. A.; Feldman, P. D.; Lamy, P. +18 more
The Hubble Space Telescope made systematic observations of the split comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 (SL9) (P designates a periodic comet) starting in July 1993 and continuing through mid-July 1994 when the fragments plunged into Jupiter's atmosphere. Deconvolutions of Wide Field Planetary Camera images indicate that the diameters of some fragments may h…
Cosmic Ray and Solar Particle Investigations Over the South Polar Regions of the Sun
Sierks, H.; Kunow, H.; Muller-Mellin, R. +17 more
Observations of galactic cosmic radiation and anomalous component nuclei with charged particle sensors on the Ulysses spacecraft showed that heliospheric magnetic field structure over the south solar pole does not permit substantially more direct access to the local interstellar cosmic ray spectrum than is possible in the equatorial zone. Fluxes o…
Corotating Variations of Cosmic Rays Near the South Heliospheric Pole
Jokipii, J. R.; Kota, J.
Three-dimensional simulations of the heliospheric modulation of galactic cosmic ray protons show that corotating variations in the intensity can persist to quite high heliographic latitudes. Variations are seen at latitudes considerably higher than the maximum latitude extension of the heliographic current sheet, in regions where the solar wind ve…
HST Far-Ultraviolet Imaging of Jupiter During the Impacts of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9
Bertaux, Jean-Loup; Ballester, Gilda E.; Crisp, David +17 more
Hubble Space Telescope far-ultraviolet images of Jupiter during the Shoemaker-Levy 9 impacts show the impact regions darkening over the 2 to 3 hours after the impact, becoming darker and more extended than at longer wavelengths, which indicates that ultraviolet-absorbing gases or aerosols are more extended, more absorbing, and at higher altitudes …