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Composition and Physical Properties of Enceladus' Surface
DOI: 10.1126/science.1121031 Bibcode: 2006Sci...311.1425B

Sotin, C.; Baines, K. H.; Nicholson, P. D. +22 more

Observations of Saturn's satellite Enceladus using Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer instrument were obtained during three flybys of Enceladus in 2005. Enceladus' surface is composed mostly of nearly pure water ice except near its south pole, where there are light organics, CO2, and amorphous and crystalline water ice, …

2006 Science
Cassini 181
The Latitudinal Distribution of Clouds on Titan
DOI: 10.1126/science.1118424 Bibcode: 2006Sci...311..201R

Montmessin, F.; Lebonnois, S.; Rannou, P. +1 more

Clouds have been observed recently on Titan, through the thick haze, using near-infrared spectroscopy and images near the south pole and in temperate regions near 40°S. Recent telescope and Cassini orbiter observations are now providing an insight into cloud climatology. To study clouds, we have developed a general circulation model of Titan that …

2006 Science
Cassini 179
Giant Ringlike Radio Structures Around Galaxy Cluster Abell 3376
DOI: 10.1126/science.1131189 Bibcode: 2006Sci...314..791B

Paul, Surajit; Durret, Florence; Bagchi, Joydeep +1 more

In the current paradigm of cold dark matter cosmology, large-scale structures are assembling through hierarchical clustering of matter. In this process, an important role is played by megaparsec (Mpc)-scale cosmic shock waves, arising in gravity-driven supersonic flows of intergalactic matter onto dark matter-dominated collapsing structures such a…

2006 Science
XMM-Newton 165
The Interaction of the Atmosphere of Enceladus with Saturn's Plasma
DOI: 10.1126/science.1121061 Bibcode: 2006Sci...311.1409T

Gurnett, D. A.; Lewis, G. R.; Coates, A. J. +10 more

During the 14 July 2005 encounter of Cassini with Enceladus, the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer measured strong deflections in the corotating ion flow, commencing at least 27 Enceladus radii (27 × 252.1 kilometers) from Enceladus. The Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Science instrument inferred little plasma density increase near Enceladus. These data a…

2006 Science
Cassini 157
Evidence for a Polar Ethane Cloud on Titan
DOI: 10.1126/science.1128245 Bibcode: 2006Sci...313.1620G

Baines, K. H.; Jaumann, R.; Clark, R. +11 more

Spectra from Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer reveal the presence of a vast tropospheric cloud on Titan at latitudes 51° to 68° north and all longitudes observed (10° to 190° west). The derived characteristics indicate that this cloud is composed of ethane and forms as a result of stratospheric subsidence and the particularly coo…

2006 Science
Cassini 143
A Clathrate Reservoir Hypothesis for Enceladus' South Polar Plume
DOI: 10.1126/science.1133519 Bibcode: 2006Sci...314.1764K

Spencer, John R.; Kieffer, Susan W.; Lu, Xinli +3 more

We hypothesize that active tectonic processes in the south polar terrain of Enceladus, the 500-kilometer-diameter moon of Saturn, are creating fractures that cause degassing of a clathrate reservoir to produce the plume documented by the instruments on the Cassini spacecraft. Advection of gas and ice transports energy, supplied at depth as latent …

2006 Science
Cassini 141
Explaining the Color Distributions of Globular Cluster Systems in Elliptical Galaxies
DOI: 10.1126/science.1122294 Bibcode: 2006Sci...311.1129Y

Yoon, Suk-Jin; Lee, Young-Wook; Yi, Sukyoung Ken

The colors of globular clusters in most large elliptical galaxies are bimodal. This is generally taken as evidence for the presence of two cluster subpopulations that have different geneses. However, here we find that, because of the nonlinear nature of the metallicity-to-color transformation, a coeval group of old clusters with a unimodal metalli…

2006 Science
eHST 140
A Long-Period, Violently Variable X-ray Source in a Young Supernova Remnant
DOI: 10.1126/science.1129185 Bibcode: 2006Sci...313..814D

Caraveo, P. A.; Bignami, G. F.; Tiengo, A. +2 more

Observations with the Newton X-ray Multimirror Mission satellite show a strong periodic modulation at 6.67 +/- 0.03 hours of the x-ray source at the center of the 2000-year-old supernova remnant RCW 103. No fast pulsations are visible. If genetically tied to the supernova remnant, the source could either be an x-ray binary, composed of a compact o…

2006 Science
XMM-Newton 118
Plasma Acceleration Above Martian Magnetic Anomalies
DOI: 10.1126/science.1122071 Bibcode: 2006Sci...311..980L

Coates, A. J.; Kallio, E.; Fedorov, A. +20 more

Auroras are caused by accelerated charged particles precipitating along magnetic field lines into a planetary atmosphere, the auroral brightness being roughly proportional to the precipitating particle energy flux. The Analyzer of Space Plasma and Energetic Atoms experiment on the Mars Express spacecraft has made a detailed study of acceleration p…

2006 Science
MEx 104
The Second Ring-Moon System of Uranus: Discovery and Dynamics
DOI: 10.1126/science.1122882 Bibcode: 2006Sci...311..973S

Showalter, Mark R.; Lissauer, Jack J.

Deep exposures of Uranus taken with the Hubble Space Telescope reveal two small moons and two faint rings. All of them orbit outside of Uranus's previously known (main) ring system but are interior to the large, classical moons. The outer new moon, U XXVI Mab, orbits at roughly twice the radius of the main rings and shares its orbit with a dust ri…

2006 Science
eHST 79