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Direct observation of closed magnetic flux trapped in the high-latitude magnetosphere

Dandouras, I.; Fazakerley, A. N.; Milan, S. E. +3 more

The structure of Earth’s magnetosphere is poorly understood when the interplanetary magnetic field is northward. Under this condition, uncharacteristically energetic plasma is observed in the magnetotail lobes, which is not expected in the textbook model of the magnetosphere. Using satellite observations, we show that these lobe plasma signatures …