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Cassini Observes the Active South Pole of Enceladus
DOI: 10.1126/science.1123013 Bibcode: 2006Sci...311.1393P

Burns, J. A.; Neukum, G.; Wagner, R. +22 more

Cassini has identified a geologically active province at the south pole of Saturn's moon Enceladus. In images acquired by the Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS), this region is circumscribed by a chain of folded ridges and troughs at ~55°S latitude. The terrain southward of this boundary is distinguished by its albedo and color contrasts, elevated te…

2006 Science
Cassini 936
Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer: Enceladus Plume Composition and Structure
DOI: 10.1126/science.1121290 Bibcode: 2006Sci...311.1419W

Ip, Wing-Huen; McNutt, Ralph L.; Waite, J. Hunter +11 more

The Cassini spacecraft passed within 168.2 kilometers of the surface above the southern hemisphere at 19:55:22 universal time coordinated on 14 July 2005 during its closest approach to Enceladus. Before and after this time, a substantial atmospheric plume and coma were observed, detectable in the Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) data set o…

2006 Science
Cassini 532
Cassini Encounters Enceladus: Background and the Discovery of a South Polar Hot Spot
DOI: 10.1126/science.1121661 Bibcode: 2006Sci...311.1401S

Buratti, B. J.; Hendrix, A. R.; Spencer, J. R. +7 more

The Cassini spacecraft completed three close flybys of Saturn's enigmatic moon Enceladus between February and July 2005. On the third and closest flyby, on 14 July 2005, multiple Cassini instruments detected evidence for ongoing endogenic activity in a region centered on Enceladus' south pole. The polar region is the source of a plume of gas and d…

2006 Science
Cassini 486
Enceladus' Water Vapor Plume
DOI: 10.1126/science.1121254 Bibcode: 2006Sci...311.1422H

West, R.; Pryor, W.; Stewart, A. I. F. +5 more

The Cassini spacecraft flew close to Saturn's small moon Enceladus three times in 2005. Cassini's UltraViolet Imaging Spectrograph observed stellar occultations on two flybys and confirmed the existence, composition, and regionally confined nature of a water vapor plume in the south polar region of Enceladus. This plume provides an adequate amount…

2006 Science
Cassini 453
The Sand Seas of Titan: Cassini RADAR Observations of Longitudinal Dunes
DOI: 10.1126/science.1123257 Bibcode: 2006Sci...312..724L

Lorenz, R. D.; Stiles, B.; Kelleher, K. +37 more

The most recent Cassini RADAR images of Titan show widespread regions (up to 1500 kilometers by 200 kilometers) of near-parallel radar-dark linear features that appear to be seas of longitudinal dunes similar to those seen in the Namib desert on Earth. The Ku-band (2.17-centimeter wavelength) images show ~100-meter ridges consistent with duneforms…

2006 Science
Cassini 319
Identification of a Dynamic Atmosphere at Enceladus with the Cassini Magnetometer
DOI: 10.1126/science.1120985 Bibcode: 2006Sci...311.1406D

Russell, C. T.; Dougherty, M. K.; Khurana, K. K. +4 more

The Cassini magnetometer has detected the interaction of the magnetospheric plasma of Saturn with an atmospheric plume at the icy moon Enceladus. This unanticipated finding, made on a distant flyby, was subsequently confirmed during two follow-on flybys, one very close to Enceladus. The magnetometer data are consistent with local outgassing activi…

2006 Science
Cassini 308
Cassini Dust Measurements at Enceladus and Implications for the Origin of the E Ring
DOI: 10.1126/science.1121375 Bibcode: 2006Sci...311.1416S

Schmidt, Jürgen; Sremčević, Miodrag; Albers, Nicole +13 more

During Cassini's close flyby of Enceladus on 14 July 2005, the High Rate Detector of the Cosmic Dust Analyzer registered micron-sized dust particles enveloping this satellite. The dust impact rate peaked about 1 minute before the closest approach of the spacecraft to the moon. This asymmetric signature is consistent with a locally enhanced dust pr…

2006 Science
Cassini 254
Composition and Physical Properties of Enceladus' Surface
DOI: 10.1126/science.1121031 Bibcode: 2006Sci...311.1425B

Sotin, C.; Baines, K. H.; Nicholson, P. D. +22 more

Observations of Saturn's satellite Enceladus using Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer instrument were obtained during three flybys of Enceladus in 2005. Enceladus' surface is composed mostly of nearly pure water ice except near its south pole, where there are light organics, CO2, and amorphous and crystalline water ice, …

2006 Science
Cassini 181
The Latitudinal Distribution of Clouds on Titan
DOI: 10.1126/science.1118424 Bibcode: 2006Sci...311..201R

Montmessin, F.; Lebonnois, S.; Rannou, P. +1 more

Clouds have been observed recently on Titan, through the thick haze, using near-infrared spectroscopy and images near the south pole and in temperate regions near 40°S. Recent telescope and Cassini orbiter observations are now providing an insight into cloud climatology. To study clouds, we have developed a general circulation model of Titan that …

2006 Science
Cassini 179
The Interaction of the Atmosphere of Enceladus with Saturn's Plasma
DOI: 10.1126/science.1121061 Bibcode: 2006Sci...311.1409T

Gurnett, D. A.; Lewis, G. R.; Coates, A. J. +10 more

During the 14 July 2005 encounter of Cassini with Enceladus, the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer measured strong deflections in the corotating ion flow, commencing at least 27 Enceladus radii (27 × 252.1 kilometers) from Enceladus. The Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Science instrument inferred little plasma density increase near Enceladus. These data a…

2006 Science
Cassini 157