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A Quarter Century of Wind Spacecraft Discoveries
Verscharen, Daniel; Hurley, Kevin; Wicks, Robert T. +11 more
The Wind spacecraft, launched on November 1, 1994, is a critical element in NASA's Heliophysics System Observatory (HSO) - a fleet of spacecraft created to understand the dynamics of the Sun-Earth system. The combination of its longevity (>25 years in service), its diverse complement of instrumentation, and high resolution and accurate measurem…
Impacts of Ionospheric Ions on Magnetic Reconnection and Earth's Magnetosphere Dynamics
Lavraud, B.; André, M.; Kistler, L. M. +13 more
Ionospheric ions (mainly H+, He+, and O+) escape from the ionosphere and populate the Earth's magnetosphere. Their thermal energies are usually low when they first escape the ionosphere, typically a few electron volt to tens of electron volt, but they are energized in their journey through the magnetosphere. The io…
Polar Vortices in Planetary Atmospheres
Teanby, Nicholas A.; Mitchell, Dann M.; Seviour, William J. M. +4 more
Among the great diversity of atmospheric circulation patterns observed throughout the solar system, polar vortices stand out as a nearly ubiquitous planetary-scale phenomenon. In recent years, there have been significant advances in the observation of planetary polar vortices, culminating in the fascinating discovery of Jupiter's polar vortex clus…