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Impacts of Ionospheric Ions on Magnetic Reconnection and Earth's Magnetosphere Dynamics

Lavraud, B.; André, M.; Kistler, L. M. +13 more

Ionospheric ions (mainly H⁺, He⁺, and O⁺) escape from the ionosphere and populate the Earth's magnetosphere. Their thermal energies are usually low when they first escape the ionosphere, typically a few electron volt to tens of electron volt, but they are energized in their journey through the magnetosphere. The io…

Current Systems in the Earth's Magnetosphere

Dubyagin, S.; Liemohn, M. W.; Ganushkina, N. Yu.