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Demographics of Young Stars and their Protoplanetary Disks: Lessons Learned on Disk Evolution and its Connection to Planet Formation

Lodato, G.; Williams, J. P.; Ansdell, M. +4 more

Since Protostars and Planets VI (PPVI), our knowledge of the global properties of protoplanetary and debris disks, as well as of young stars, has dramatically improved. At the time of PPVI, mm-observations and optical to near-infrared spectroscopic surveys were largely limited to the Taurus star-forming region, especially of its most massive disk …

Magnetic Fields in Star Formation: from Clouds to Cores

Ntormousi, E.; Pattle, K.; Liu, T. +2 more

In this chapter we review recent advances in understanding the roles that magnetic fields play throughout the star formation process, gained through observations and simulations of molecular clouds, the dense, star-forming phase of the magnetized, turbulent interstellar medium (ISM). Recent results broadly support a picture in which the magnetic f…

Optical and Near-infrared View of Planet-forming Disks and Protoplanets

Ginski, C.; Garufi, A.; Dominik, C. +6 more

In this chapter, we review the breakthrough progress that has been made in the field of high-resolution, high-contrast optical and near-infrared imaging of planet-forming disks. These advancements include the direct detection of protoplanets embedded in disks, and derived limits on planetary masses in others. Morphological substructures, including…

The Solar Neighborhood in the Age of Gaia

Alves, J.; Meingast, S.; Zucker, C. +2 more

Most of what we know about the formation of stars, and essentially everything we know about the formation of planets, comes from observations of our solar neighborhood within 2 kpc of the Sun. Before 2018, accurate distance measurements needed to turn the 2D Sky into a faithful 3D physical picture of the distribution of stars, and the interstellar…