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Performance and surface scattering models for the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS)
Gurnett, D. A.; Johnson, W. T. K.; Orosei, R. +10 more
The primary scientific objective of the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS), which will be on board Mars Express mission scheduled for launch in 2003, is to map the distribution and depth of the liquid water/ice interface in the upper kilometres of the crust of Mars. MARSIS will also provide unique information to he…
Dawn: A journey in space and time
Russell, C. T.; Jaumann, R.; Keller, H. U. +18 more
By successively orbiting both 4 Vesta and 1 Ceres the Dawn mission directly addresses the long-standing goals of understanding the origin and evolution of the solar system. Ceres and Vesta are two complementary terrestrial protoplanets (one apparently ;wet; and the other ;dry;), whose accretion was probably terminated by the formation of Jupiter. …
Ion loss on Mars caused by the Kelvin Helmholtz instability
Kallio, E.; Barabash, S.; Gunell, H. +8 more
Mars Global Surveyor detected cold electrons above the Martian ionopause, which can be interpreted as detached ionospheric plasma clouds. Similar observations by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter electron temperature probe showed also extreme spatial irregularities of electrons in the form of plasma clouds on Venus, which were explained by the occurrence …
Recent advances in the long-wavelength radio physics of the Sun
Gopalswamy, N.
Solar radio bursts at long wavelengths provide information on solar disturbances such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and shocks at the moment of their departure from the Sun. The radio bursts also provide information on the physical properties (density, temperature and magnetic field) of the medium that supports the propagation of the disturbanc…
CASSINI/VIMS-V at Jupiter: Radiometric calibration test and data results
Brown, R. H.; Gondet, B.; Langevin, Y. +5 more
During the Cassini-Huygens flyby of Jupiter in December 2000, VIMS-V acquired multispectral data cubes of Jupiter's atmosphere. The visual and infrared imaging spectrometer-visual channel (VIMS-V) is one of the principal contributions of Italian Space Agency (ASI) to the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn. VIMS-V is an imaging spectrometer operatin…
Influence of wall impacts on the Ulysses dust detector on understanding the interstellar dust flux
Krüger, H.; Grün, E.; Altobelli, N. +2 more
The Ulysses spacecraft orbits the Sun on a highly inclined orbit, and the impact ionization dust detector on board continuously measures interstellar dust grains with masses up to 10-13kg, penetrating deep into the Solar System. The flow direction is close to the mean apex of the Sun's motion through the local interstellar cloud (LIC), …
Evolution of the Martian atmosphere and hydrosphere: Solar wind erosion studied by ASPERA-3 on Mars Express
Lundin, Rickard; Barabash, Stanislav
The evolution of the Martian atmosphere and the potential existence of a past hydrosphere is a scientific issue of great interest in planetary research. Although the first missions to Mars had a focus on surface features and atmospheric properties, some of the missions (e.g., The Soviet Mars 2, 3 and 5) also carried instruments addressing the sola…
Quasi-periodic emissions (15- 80 min) from the poles of Jupiter as a principal source of the large-scale high-latitude magnetopause boundary layer of energetic particle
Preka-Papadema, P.; Anagnostopoulos, G. C.; Karanikola, I. +2 more
In this study, we concentrate on the examination of the quasi-periodic behavior of 0.5-1.6 MeV(∼40-400 keV) protons (electrons) and of relativistic (>16 MeV) electrons, observed at Jupiter by two different experiments onboard Ulysses, the HI-SCALE and COSPIN, respectively, within the large-scale south duskside magnetopause boundary layer (MPBL)…
Visible and infrared spectroscopy of minerals and mixtures with the OMEGA/MARS-EXPRESS instrument
Gendrin, Aline; Bibring, Jean-Pierre; Langevin, Yves +4 more
We present the reflectance measurements made with OMEGA during ground calibration on a selection of minerals and mixtures considered as candidates for constituents of the Mars surface. OMEGA is the visible and infrared mapping spectrometer designed to fly on-board the ESA/MARS-EXPRESS probe. These measurements allow to evaluate the instrument perf…
The microscope for Beagle 2
Keller, H. U.; Hviid, S. F.; Thomas, N. +13 more
The microscope for the Beagle 2 lander, which was launched as part of the European Space Agency's Mars Express mission on 2 June 2003, will provide images of the Martian surface at around 6 µm resolution. It will provide optical images of the surface of Mars at a resolution 5 times higher than any other experiment currently planned. The devi…