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The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) of Mars Express and its approach to science analysis and mapping for Mars and its satellites
Jaumann, R.; Oberst, J.; Preusker, F. +32 more
The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) of ESA's Mars Express is designed to map and investigate the topography of Mars. The camera, in particular its Super Resolution Channel (SRC), also obtains images of Phobos and Deimos on a regular basis. As HRSC is a push broom scanning instrument with nine CCD line detectors mounted in parallel, its unique…
Mars Express 10 years at Mars: Observations by the Mars Express Radio Science Experiment (MaRS)
Pätzold, M.; Hahn, M.; Rosenblatt, P. +17 more
The Mars Express spacecraft is operating in Mars orbit since early 2004. The Mars Express Radio Science Experiment (MaRS) employs the spacecraft and ground station radio systems (i) to conduct radio occultations of the atmosphere and ionosphere to obtain vertical profiles of temperature, pressure, neutral number densities and electron density, (ii…
Martian ionosphere observed by Mars Express. 1. Influence of the crustal magnetic fields
Dubinin, E.; Fraenz, M.; Andrews, D. +1 more
A classification of martian gullies from HiRISE imagery
Auld, Katherine S.; Dixon, John C.
Due to the large and varied population of gullies observed in Mars High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) imagery that exhibit diverse characteristics, this paper develops a classification of martian gullies based on their morphological characteristics. This provides a firmer foundation for future investigation of the genesis of diffe…
Martian surface microtexture from orbital CRISM multi-angular observations: A new perspective for the characterization of the geological processes
Schmidt, F.; Douté, S.; Fernando, J.
The surface of Mars has a high morphological and mineralogical diversity due to the intricacy of external, internal processes, and exchanges with the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the cryosphere. In particular, liquid water played an important role in surface evolution. However, the origin, duration and intensity of those wet events have been hi…
Systematic processing of Mars Express HRSC panchromatic and colour image mosaics: Image equalisation using an external brightness reference
Jaumann, R.; van Gasselt, S.; Dumke, A. +8 more
After more than ten years in orbit at Mars, the coverage from the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on the European Space Agency's Mars Express is sufficient to begin constructing mosaic products on a global scale. We describe our systematic processing procedure and, in particular, the technique used to bring images affected by atmospheric dust…
The morphology of the topside ionosphere of Mars under different solar wind conditions: Results of a multi-instrument observing campaign by Mars Express in 2010
Fränz, M.; Pätzold, M.; Wild, J. A. +17 more
Since the internally-generated magnetic field of Mars is weak, strong coupling is expected between the solar wind, planetary magnetosphere, and planetary ionosphere. However, few previous observational studies of this coupling incorporated data that extended from the solar wind to deep into the ionosphere. Here we use solar wind, magnetosphere, an…
A novel method for surface exploration: Super-resolution restoration of Mars repeat-pass orbital imagery
Tao, Y.; Muller, J. -P.
Higher resolution imaging data of planetary surfaces is considered desirable by the international community of planetary scientists interested in improving understanding of surface formation processes. However, given various physical constraints from the imaging instruments through to limited bandwidth of transmission one needs to trade-off spatia…
InSight coordinates determination from direct-to-Earth radio-tracking and Mars topography model
Le Maistre, Sébastien
The InSight mission is planned to land on the surface of Mars in September 2016. Close to the equator in Elysium Planitia, in the vicinity of the Curiosity location, the exact landing site coordinates cannot be provided by the navigation team. The direct-to-Earth (DTE) Doppler measurements are rarely included in the early lander localization proce…
Long-term nadir observations of the O2 dayglow by SPICAM IR
Montmessin, F.; Fedorova, A.; Korablev, O. +4 more
The O2(a1Δg) dayglow at the 1.27 µm band on Mars is produced by the solar UV photolysis of ozone and quenched in collisions with CO2. The SPICAM IR instrument onboard the Mars Express orbiter observes the O2(a1Δg) emission in the Martian atmosphere starting from 200…