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Strong coronal channelling and interplanetary evolution of a solar storm up to Earth and Mars
Dumbović, Mateja; Temmer, Manuela; Vršnak, Bojan +15 more
The severe geomagnetic effects of solar storms or coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are to a large degree determined by their propagation direction with respect to Earth. There is a lack of understanding of the processes that determine their non-radial propagation. Here we present a synthesis of data from seven different space missions of a fast CME, …
Full-Sun observations for identifying the source of the slow solar wind
Warren, Harry P.; Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio; Brooks, David H.
Fast (>700 km s-1) and slow (~400 km s-1) winds stream from the Sun, permeate the heliosphere and influence the near-Earth environment. While the fast wind is known to emanate primarily from polar coronal holes, the source of the slow wind remains unknown. Here we identify possible sites of origin using a slow solar wind s…
The solar magnetic activity band interaction and instabilities that shape quasi-periodic variability
McIntosh, Scott W.; Riley, Pete; Kasper, Justin C. +10 more
Solar magnetism displays a host of variational timescales of which the enigmatic 11-year sunspot cycle is most prominent. Recent work has demonstrated that the sunspot cycle can be explained in terms of the intra- and extra-hemispheric interaction between the overlapping activity bands of the 22-year magnetic polarity cycle. Those activity bands a…
Observations of discrete harmonics emerging from equatorial noise
Dandouras, Iannis; Walker, Simon N.; Balikhin, Michael A. +7 more
A number of modes of oscillations of particles and fields can exist in space plasmas. Since the early 1970s, space missions have observed noise-like plasma waves near the geomagnetic equator known as `equatorial noise'. Several theories were suggested, but clear observational evidence supported by realistic modelling has not been provided. Here we…
Wave energy budget analysis in the Earth's radiation belts uncovers a missing energy
Artemyev, A. V.; Agapitov, O. V.; Mozer, F. S. +2 more
Whistler-mode emissions are important electromagnetic waves pervasive in the Earth's magnetosphere, where they continuously remove or energize electrons trapped by the geomagnetic field, controlling radiation hazards to satellites and astronauts and the upper-atmosphere ionization or chemical composition. Here, we report an analysis of 10-year Clu…
Using the transit of Venus to probe the upper planetary atmosphere
Piccioni, Giuseppe; Reale, Fabio; Widemann, Thomas +3 more
During a planetary transit, atoms with high atomic number absorb short-wavelength radiation in the upper atmosphere, and the planet should appear larger during a primary transit observed in high-energy bands than in the optical band. Here we measure the radius of Venus with subpixel accuracy during the transit in 2012 observed in the optical, ultr…