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Unexpected major geomagnetic storm caused by faint eruption of a solar trans-equatorial flux rope
Zhang, Qingmin; Ji, Haisheng; Su, Yingna +1 more
Some geomagnetic storms' solar origins are ambiguous, making them hard to predict. On March 23, 2023, a severe geomagnetic storm occurred, however, forecasts based on remote-sensing observations failed to predict it. Here, we show clear evidence that this storm originates from the eruption of a trans-equatorial, longitudinal and low-density magnet…
The solar magnetic activity band interaction and instabilities that shape quasi-periodic variability
McIntosh, Scott W.; Riley, Pete; Kasper, Justin C. +10 more
Solar magnetism displays a host of variational timescales of which the enigmatic 11-year sunspot cycle is most prominent. Recent work has demonstrated that the sunspot cycle can be explained in terms of the intra- and extra-hemispheric interaction between the overlapping activity bands of the 22-year magnetic polarity cycle. Those activity bands a…
Observations of an extreme storm in interplanetary space caused by successive coronal mass ejections
Kajdič, Primož; Lavraud, Benoit; Nitta, Nariaki V. +8 more
Space weather refers to dynamic conditions on the Sun and in the space environment of the Earth, which are often driven by solar eruptions and their subsequent interplanetary disturbances. It has been unclear how an extreme space weather storm forms and how severe it can be. Here we report and investigate an extreme event with multi-point remote-s…