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Cassini spacecraft reveals global energy imbalance of Saturn

West, Robert A.; Nixon, Conor A.; Guillot, Tristan +16 more

The global energy budget is pivotal to understanding planetary evolution and climate behaviors. Assessing the energy budget of giant planets, particularly those with large seasonal cycles, however, remains a challenge without long-term observations. Evolution models of Saturn cannot explain its estimated Bond albedo and internal heat flux, mainly …