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Observations of discrete harmonics emerging from equatorial noise

Dandouras, Iannis; Walker, Simon N.; Balikhin, Michael A. +7 more

A number of modes of oscillations of particles and fields can exist in space plasmas. Since the early 1970s, space missions have observed noise-like plasma waves near the geomagnetic equator known as `equatorial noise'. Several theories were suggested, but clear observational evidence supported by realistic modelling has not been provided. Here we…

Wave energy budget analysis in the Earth's radiation belts uncovers a missing energy

Artemyev, A. V.; Agapitov, O. V.; Mozer, F. S. +2 more

Whistler-mode emissions are important electromagnetic waves pervasive in the Earth's magnetosphere, where they continuously remove or energize electrons trapped by the geomagnetic field, controlling radiation hazards to satellites and astronauts and the upper-atmosphere ionization or chemical composition. Here, we report an analysis of 10-year Clu…