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Direct observations of a complex coronal web driving highly structured slow solar wind
Chitta, L. P.; Seaton, D. B.; DeForest, C. E. +2 more
The solar wind consists of continuous streams of charged particles that escape into the heliosphere from the Sun, and is split into fast and slow components, with the fast wind emerging from the interiors of coronal holes. Near the ecliptic plane, the fast wind from low-latitude coronal holes is interspersed with a highly structured slow solar win…
Efficient labelling of solar flux evolution videos by a deep learning model
Chatterjee, Subhamoy; Muñoz-Jaramillo, Andrés; Lamb, Derek A.
Machine learning is becoming a critical tool for the interrogation of large, complex data. Labelling, defined as the process of adding meaningful annotations, is a crucial step of supervised machine learning. However, labelling datasets is time consuming. Here we show that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on crudely labelled astronomic…
The Sun's dynamic extended corona observed in extreme ultraviolet
Seaton, Daniel B.; Caspi, Amir; Slater, Gregory +6 more
The `middle corona' is a critical transition between the highly disparate physical regimes of the lower and outer solar coronae. Nonetheless, it remains poorly understood due to the difficulty of observing this faint region (1.5-3 R⊙). New observations from the Solar Ultraviolet Imager of a Geostationary Operational Environmental Satell…
A disk-dominated and clumpy circumgalactic medium of the Milky Way seen in X-ray emission
Kaaret, P.; Kuntz, K. D.; Koutroumpa, D. +7 more
The Milky Way galaxy is surrounded by a circumgalactic medium1 that may play a key role in galaxy evolution as the source of gas for star formation and a repository of metals and energy produced by star formation and nuclear activity2. The circumgalactic medium may also be a repository for baryons seen in the early universe, …
Global helium abundance measurements in the solar corona
Telloni, Daniele; Antonucci, Ester; Fineschi, Silvano +24 more
Solar abundances have been historically assumed to be representative of cosmic abundances. However, our knowledge of the solar abundance of helium, the second most abundant element, relies mainly on models1 and indirect measurements through helioseismic observations2, because actual measurements of helium in the solar atmosph…