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Flux conservation, radial scalings, Mach numbers, and critical distances in the solar wind: magnetohydrodynamics and Ulysses observations
Verscharen, Daniel; Velli, Marco; Bale, Stuart D.
One of the key challenges in solar and heliospheric physics is to understand the acceleration of the solar wind. As a super-sonic, super-Alfvénic plasma flow, the solar wind carries mass, momentum, energy, and angular momentum from the Sun into interplanetary space. We present a framework based on two-fluid magnetohydrodynamics to estimate the flu…
Solar wind temperature-velocity relationship over the last five solar cycles and Forbush decreases associated with different types of interplanetary disturbance
Melkumyan, A. A.; Belov, A. V.; Abunina, M. A. +4 more
The behaviour of the solar wind (SW) proton temperature and velocity and their relationship during Forbush decreases (FDs) associated with various types of solar source - coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and coronal holes (CHs) - have been studied. Analysis of cosmic ray variations, SW temperature, velocity, density, plasma beta, and magnetic field (…
Searching for gravitational waves via Doppler tracking by future missions to Uranus and Neptune
Saha, Prasenjit; D'Orazio, Daniel J.; Soyuer, Deniz +1 more
The past year has seen numerous publications underlining the importance of a space mission to the ice giants in the upcoming decade. Proposed mission plans involve a ∼10 yr cruise time to the ice giants. This cruise time can be utilized to search for low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) by observing the Doppler shift caused by them in the Earth…
Generalized anisotropic κ-cookbook: 2D fitting of Ulysses electron data
Fichtner, H.; Scherer, K.; Lazar, M. +1 more
Observations in space plasmas reveal particle velocity distributions out of thermal equilibrium, with anisotropies (e.g. parallel drifts and/or different temperatures, T∥ - parallel and T⊥ - perpendicular, with respect to the background magnetic field), and multiple quasi-thermal and suprathermal populations with different pr…
Charge-exchange soft X-ray emission of highly charged ions with inclusion of multiple-electron capture
Cui, W.; Zhao, G.; Wu, Y. +7 more
Charge exchange has been recognized as a primary source of soft X-ray emission in many astrophysical outflow environments, including cometary and planetary exospheres impacted by the solar wind. Some models have been set up by using different data collections of charge-exchange cross-sections. However, multiple-electron transfer has not been inclu…