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A catalog of white light coronal mass ejections observed by the SOHO spacecraft
St. Cyr, O. C.; Plunkett, S. P.; Howard, R. A. +4 more
The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) mission's white light coronagraphs have observed nearly 7000 coronal mass ejections (CMEs) between 1996 and 2002. We have documented the measured properties of all these CMEs in an online catalog. We describe this catalog and present a summary of the statistical properties of the CMEs. The primary meas…
Numerical simulation of the 12 May 1997 interplanetary CME event
Odstrcil, D.; Riley, P.; Zhao, X. P.
Numerical three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic models are capable of predicting large-scale solar wind structures at Earth, provided that appropriate time-dependent boundary conditions are specified near the Sun. Since knowledge of such conditions is at present insufficient to directly drive the models, various approximations are used. In this pa…
Cone model for halo CMEs: Application to space weather forecasting
Xie, Hong; Ofman, Leon; Lawrence, Gareth
In this study, we present an innovative analytical method to determine the angular width and propagation orientation of halo Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). The relation of CME actual speed with apparent speed and its components measured at different position angle has been investigated. The present work is based on the cone model proposed by [2002…
Intensity variation of large solar energetic particle events associated with coronal mass ejections
Krucker, S.; Howard, R. A.; Gopalswamy, N. +2 more
We studied the coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and flares associated with large solar energetic particle (SEP) events of solar cycle 23 (1996-2002) in order to determine what property of the solar eruptions might order the SEP intensity. The SEP events were divided into three groups: (1) events in which the primary CME was preceded by one or more wi…
Energy partition in two solar flare/CME events
Kucharek, H.; Mewaldt, R. A.; Mason, G. M. +12 more
Using coordinated observations from instruments on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), and the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI), we have evaluated the energetics of two well-observed flare/CME events on 21 April 2002 and 23 July 2002. For each event, we have estimated the en…
Extremely high speed solar wind: 29-30 October 2003
McComas, D. J.; Steinberg, J. T.; Burlaga, L. F. +5 more
On 29-30 October 2003 the Solar Wind Electron Proton Alpha Monitor (SWEPAM) instrument on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft measured solar wind speeds in excess of 1850 km/s, some of the highest speeds ever directly measured in the solar wind. These speeds were observed following two large coronal mass ejection (CME) driven shocks…
Four-point discontinuity observations using Cluster magnetic field data: A statistical survey
Balogh, A.; Neubauer, F. M.; Horbury, T. +1 more
Using magnetic field data from the four Cluster spacecraft between February and May 2001, a detailed statistical analysis of interplanetary discontinuities is accomplished. In order to find the surface normals, we apply three different methods: (1) minimum variance analysis (MVA), (2) cross-product method, and (3) triangulation, the latter being t…
Three-dimensional MHD simulation of a flux rope driven CME
Gombosi, Tamas I.; Sokolov, I. V.; Opher, Merav +5 more
We present a three-dimensional (3-D) numerical ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model, describing the time-dependent expulsion of plasma and magnetic flux from the solar corona that resembles a coronal mass ejection (CME). We begin by developing a global steady-state model of the corona and solar wind that gives a reasonable description of the sol…
Role of projection effects on solar coronal mass ejection properties: 1. A study of CMEs associated with limb activity
St. Cyr, O. C.; Stanger, A. L.; Burkepile, J. T. +2 more
Many properties of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), such as size, location and brightness, have been determined from measurements of white light coronal observations. We expect the average properties derived from these measurements contain systematic inaccuracies due to projection effects and suggest that CME properties are most accurately determine…
Solar and interplanetary sources of major geomagnetic storms during 1996-2002
Venkatakrishnan, P.; Srivastava, Nandita
During the 7-year period of the current solar cycle, 64 geoeffective coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were found to produce major geomagnetic storms (DST < -100 nT) at the Earth. In this paper we examine solar and interplanetary properties of these geoeffective coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The observations reveal that full-halo CMEs a…