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A solar storm observed from the Sun to Venus using the STEREO, Venus Express, and MESSENGER spacecraft
Coates, A. J.; Winningham, J. D.; Frahm, R. A. +23 more
The suite of SECCHI optical imaging instruments on the STEREO-A spacecraft is used to track a solar storm, consisting of several coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and other coronal loops, as it propagates from the Sun into the heliosphere during May 2007. The 3-D propagation path of the largest interplanetary CME (ICME) is determined from the observat…
Steep, transient density gradients in the Martian ionosphere similar to the ionopause at Venus
Gurnett, D. A.; Winningham, J. D.; Frahm, R. A. +3 more
With the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) on the Mars Express (MEX) spacecraft, the electron density can be measured by two methods: from the excitation of local plasma oscillations and from remote sounding. A study of the local electron density versus time for 1664 orbits revealed that in 132 orbits very sharp …