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Nighttime sensitivity of ionospheric VLF measurements to X-ray bursts from a remote cosmic source

Giménez de Castro, C. Guillermo; Raulin, Jean-Pierre; Correia, Emilia +2 more

On 22 January 2009, a series of X-ray bursts were emitted by the soft gamma ray repeater SGR J1550-5418. Some of these bursts produced enhanced ionization in the nighttime lower ionosphere. These ionospheric disturbances were studied using X-ray measurements from the Anti-Coincidence Shield of the Spectrometer for Integral onboard the Internationa…