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A Climatology of Long-Duration High 2-MeV Electron Flux Periods in the Outer Radiation Belt
Artemyev, A. V.; Agapitov, O. V.; Mourenas, D. +1 more
Since the advent of the Space Age, the importance of understanding and forecasting relativistic electron fluxes in the Earth's radiation belts has been steadily growing due to the threat that such particles pose to satellite electronics. Here, we provide a model of long-duration periods of high time-integrated 2-MeV electron flux deep inside the o…
Improved outer boundary conditions for outer radiation belt data assimilation using THEMIS-SST data and the Salammbo-EnKF code
Daglis, I. A.; Maget, V.; Sicard-Piet, A. +4 more
Over the last decade, efforts have been made in the radiation belt community to develop data assimilation tools in order to improve the accuracy of radiation belts models. In this paper we present a new method to correctly take into account the outer boundary conditions at L* = 8 in such an enhanced model of the radiation belts. To do that we base…
Nighttime sensitivity of ionospheric VLF measurements to X-ray bursts from a remote cosmic source
Giménez de Castro, C. Guillermo; Raulin, Jean-Pierre; Correia, Emilia +2 more
On 22 January 2009, a series of X-ray bursts were emitted by the soft gamma ray repeater SGR J1550-5418. Some of these bursts produced enhanced ionization in the nighttime lower ionosphere. These ionospheric disturbances were studied using X-ray measurements from the Anti-Coincidence Shield of the Spectrometer for Integral onboard the Internationa…
Revisiting two-step Forbush decreases
Spence, H. E.; Blake, J. B.; Jordan, A. P. +1 more
Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and their shocks can sweep out galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), thus creating Forbush decreases (FDs). The traditional model of FDs predicts that an ICME and its shock decrease the GCR intensity in a two-step profile. This model, however, has been the focus of little testing. Thus, our goal is to discover …
Short-period variability in the galactic cosmic ray intensity: High statistical resolution observations and interpretation around the time of a Forbush decrease in August 2006
Mulligan, T.; Galametz, M.; Leske, R. A. +4 more
On 20 August 2006 a Forbush decrease observed at Polar in the Earth's magnetosphere was also seen at the INTEGRAL spacecraft outside the magnetosphere during a very active time in the solar wind. High-resolution energetic particle data from ACE SIS, the Polar high-sensitivity telescope, and INTEGRAL's Ge detector saturation rate, which measures th…
Multipoint, high time resolution galactic cosmic ray observations associated with two interplanetary coronal mass ejections
Mulligan, T.; Galametz, M.; Spence, H. E. +3 more
Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) play an important role in our understanding of the interplanetary medium (IPM). The causes of their short timescale variations, however, remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we compare high time resolution, multipoint space-based GCR data to explore structures in the IPM that cause these variations. To ensure that …