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Solar cycle evolution of the heliospheric magnetic field: The Ulysses legacy

Smith, E. J.

Important contributions of Ulysses to understanding the solar cycle evolution of the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) and solar wind are reviewed: a dramatic reorientation of the HMF as the solar dipole rotates between axial and equatorial orientations; solar cycle variation of the total heliospheric magnetic flux and its response to changes in s…

A computational study of nonresonant cross-field diffusion of energetic particles due to their interaction with interplanetary magnetic decreases

Costa, E.; Lakhina, G. S.; Tsurutani, B. T. +4 more

We present a new method of calculating cross-field diffusion of charged particles due to their interactions with interplanetary magnetic decreases (MDs) in high heliospheric latitudes. We use a geometric model that evaluates perpendicular diffusion to the ambient magnetic field as a function of particle's gyroradius, MD radius, ratio between field…