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Upstream whistler-mode waves at planetary bow shocks: A brief review

Russell, C.

Upstream whistler-mode waves appear to be present in front of all collisionless shocks. Because the whistler-mode group velocity exceeds its phase velocity over the frequency range in which the phase velocity increases with frequency, interesting alterations of polarization and frequency spectrum occur in the observer's reference frame. Landau res…

Present status and future challenges of modeling the Sun Earth end-to-end system

Baker, D. N.; Weigel, R. S.; Elkington, S. R. +1 more

Several research groups are presently modeling key portions of the solar terrestrial environment. Large-scale models of the solar corona, of the interplanetary medium, and of the coupled magnetosphere ionosphere system are providing important insights into the dynamics and temporal evolution of these regions during normal, as well as disturbed, co…