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Ionospheric Multi-Spacecraft Analysis Tools

Lühr, Hermann; Dunlop, Malcolm Wray

Multi-spacecraft Current Estimates at Swarm

Cao, J. -B.; Yang, J. -Y.; Yang, Y. -Y. +2 more

In this chapter the application of the curlometer technique to various regions of the inner magnetosphere and upper ionosphere and for special circumstances of sampling is described. The basic technique is first outlined, together with the caveats of use, covering: the four-spacecraft technique, its quality factor and limitations; the lessons lear…

Applying the Dual-Spacecraft Approach to the Swarm Constellation for Deriving Radial Current Density

Lühr, Hermann; Ritter, Patricia; Kervalishvili, Guram +1 more

One of the Swarm prime mission goals is the estimation of ionospheric currents. Of particular interest in this context are field-aligned currents (FACs). In order to improve our ability of determining FACs, two of the Swarm spacecraft are orbiting side-by-side separated only by 1.4° in longitude. This close-formation flight enables the application…

Local Least Squares Analysis of Auroral Currents

He, Maosheng; Vogt, Joachim; Bunescu, Costel +1 more

Multi-spacecraft probing of geospace allows the study of physical structures on spatial scales dictated by orbital and instrumental parameters. This chapter highlights multi-point array analysis methods for constellations of two or three spacecraft such as Swarm, and also discusses multi-scale techniques for the geometrical characterisation of aur…