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Energetic Particles in the Heliosphere

Heber, Bernd

The heliosphere is the region around the Sun that is filled by the solar wind and its embedded magnetic field. The interaction of the supersonic solar wind with the local interstellar medium leads to a transition from supersonic to subsonic speeds at the heliospheric termination shock. The latter is regarded to be the source of the anomalous compo…

Ulysses:. Exploring the Heliosphere in Four Dimensions

Marsden, Richard G.

Ulysses is the first spacecraft ever to fly over the poles of the sun. Its primary goal is to explore the heliosphere in four dimensions: three spatial dimensions, and time. An overview of some of the recent results from the mission will be presented. Particular emphasis will be given to the changes occurring in the 3-dimensional heliosphere from …

Modelling Cosmic Ray Element Spectra and Ionization in the Ionospheres and Atmospheres of Terrestrial and Jovian Planets

Buchvarova, M.; Velinov, P. I. Y.; Kobylinski, Z.

The galactic (GCRs) and anomalous (ACRs) cosmic rays form the lower parts of the planetary ionospheres. For this purpose analytical and numerical spectra for cosmic particles are necessary. Our knowledge of GCR modulation in the solar system was greatly enhanced thanks to the heliospheric missions, Voyagers 1 and 2, Pioneer 10 and Ulysses. In this…