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Measuring Magnetic Field Gradients From Four Point Vector Measurements in Space
Khurana, Krishan K.; Kivelson, Margaret G.; Kepko, Larry
The determination of all nine first order spatial gradients requires the knowledge of differences between the magnetic field measurements made simultaneously at (at least) four different points in space. As the first order differences between measurements are typically very small compared to the background field, even small errors resulting from a…
The Use of Numerical Simulation in the Design of the Cluster/PEACE "Top Hat" Analyzer Electron Optics
Johnstone, A. D.; Woodliffe, R. D.
The four-spacecraft Cluster mission was to be the first to attempt to measure space plasma gradients in three dimensions. The required accuracy of these gradient measurements poses a unique challenge to the accuracy with which the individual measurements must be carried out. In designing the electron analyzers of the PEACE(Plasma Electron And Curr…
Measurement of 0-25 eV Ions With a Retarding Potential Analyzer on the Cluster Ion Spectroscopy Experiment
McCarthy, M. P.; McFadden, J. P.
We describe a retarding potential analyzer (RPA) which extends the energy range of the Cluster ion spectroscopy (CIS) experiment down to 0-25 eV [Rème et al., 1993]. The CIS experiment will make comprehensive measurements of 3D ion distribution functions from 0-40 keV over the broad range of plasma regions the Cluster orbit will traverse. Mass com…
Fast and Accurate Inflight Calculations of Electron Space Plasma Parameters
Fazakerley, A. N.; Carter, P. J.; Gowen, R. A. +2 more
Satellite and rocket borne experiments impose unique requirements on the systems that control them. High input data rates from sensors have to be coupled to a limited spacecraft telemetry resource. A suite of algorithms designed to ensure the most effective possible use of the telemetry allocation for an instrument studying space plasma electrons …