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Ultra-Low-Frequency Waves at Venus and Mars

Dubinin, E.; Fraenz, M.

Mars and Venus have no global magnetic field. The solar wind interacts directly with their ionospheres and atmospheres, inducing magnetospheres by a pileup of the interplanetary magnetic field. The first measurements of the ultra-low-frequency activity on Mars were made by the Phobos-2 spacecraft. This chapter investigates the wave observations re…