Search Publications

Solar Energetic Particle Composition

Klecker, Berndt

Over the last ∼10 years, advanced instrumentation onboard several spacecraft (e.g., WIND, SAMPEX, SOHO, and ACE), extended our ability to explore energy spectra, elemental, isotopic, and ionic charge composition of solar energetic particle (SEP) events in a wide energy range from ∼10 keV/nuc to ∼100 MeV/nuc. Due to the much improved sensitivity of…

Geoeffective Coronal Mass Ejections and Energetic Particles

Valtonen, Eino

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) can be geoeffective and they are believed to cause major non-recurrent geomagnetic storms. Energetic particles are closely related to the shocks driven by coronal mass ejections in the interplanetary medium. In this paper, the geoeffectiveness of CMEs is reviewed and the means how energetic particle observations can b…